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中國古籍中所載毒菌及其毒性

Records of Toadstools and Their Toxicity in Ancient Chinese Texts

摘要


中國古籍中保存了大量和毒菌有關的資料,爲探討古人對待毒菌的態度提供了參考。這些資料可分爲以下幾類:毒菌中毒事件及相關奇聞異俗、毒菌及其毒性之一般性記載、毒菌及其毒性之辨冸、毒菌中毒之癥狀、治療毒菌中毒之方法、毒菌毒性成因之討論(至於解毒方法,筆者將另撰文考察)。通過對這些資料的分析可以發現,古人對毒菌中毒癥狀多有細緻描述,然無可靠的辨別毒菌的方法,故而中毒事件代有發生。中國古代之所以沒有發展出可靠的辨別毒菌的方法,究其原因,除了毒菌辨別之不易外,還在於古人往往把毒菌毒性的產生歸結為外因所致,故而為其誤採誤食造成了麻煩。

關鍵字

大型真菌 毒菌 毒性 科學史

並列摘要


A great number of the records of toadstools are scattered in ancient Chinese texts, which provide references for exploring ancient Chinese people's attitudes to toadstools. These records can be catalogued into several categrories: incidents of toadstool poisoning, general descriptions of toadstools and their toxicity, discrimination of toadstools and their toxicity, toadstool poisoning sympotoms, and the discussions on the formation of toadstool toxicity (remedies for toadstool poisoning will be surveyed in another paper). Through comparing and analyzing these texts, it is found that although the ancients gave plenty of detailed accounts of toadstool poisoning sympotoms, they didn't developed authentic methods of distinguishing toadstools from edible macrofungi, which is why the incidents of toadstool poisoning occurred among the ancients from generation to generation. And, the reason why the ancient Chinese people hadn't succeeded in acquiring effective ways of curing toadstool poisioning lies in the difficulties in discrimination, as well as the fact that the ancients attributed the cause of the formation of toadstool toxicity to external fators.

並列關鍵字

Macrofungi Toadstool Toxicity History of Science

參考文獻


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