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玄武的定型

The Change About the Mythological Creature of the North: From the Deer to the Black Tortoise

摘要


四神圖像與古代天文學有關,而代表北方的圖像則較多樣化。本文整理了史前~漢的文物與文獻,認為北方圖案在西漢以前多為鹿形動物,即二十八宿中北宮的室宿與壁宿。西漢武帝以後,可能受政治、讖緯等影響而逐漸定型為龜蛇纏繞的玄武,即虛宿與危宿。

並列摘要


The four mythological creatures of China are the symbols of four directions. They came from ancient Chinese Astronomy. After organized the culture relics and the literature, this study points out: the creature of the north was a deer before the West-Han Dynasty. This creature came from the 2 mansions in the north part of the 28 mansions. Due to the influence of politics and superstitions, it became to another creature combined by a turtle and a snake, which came from another 2 mansions in the sky at the early period of the West-Han Dynasty.

參考文獻


聞人軍:〈《考工記》成書年代新考〉,《文史》第 23 輯,1984。
濮陽西水坡遺址考古隊:〈1988 年河南濮陽西水坡遺址發掘簡報〉,《考古》1989 年第 12 期。
呼林貴等:〈西安東郊國棉五廠漢墓發掘簡報〉,《文博》,1991 年第 4 期。
杜金鵬:〈關於大汶口文化與良渚文化的幾個問題〉,《考古》1992 年第 10 期。
倪潤安:〈論兩漢四靈的源流〉,《中原文物》1999 年第一期。

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