從阿爾塔維拉夫之書看祆教的環保意識

祆教文獻《阿爾塔維拉夫之書》，約成書於波斯薩珊王朝後期。大意是說，維拉夫靈魂出竅，由兩位天使帶領，遍歷天堂和地獄，甦醒後敘說見聞，藉以曉諭世人。在祆教教義中，主神瑪茲達有一批從神，包括大地之神、火神、江河之神、植物之神等等。人類如污染土地、河川，焚燒穢物，破壞植被等，就是褻瀆這些神祇。該書地獄中的若干刑罰，即與此有關。本文簡介與環保有關的各章，印證祆教的環保意識，以及瑣羅亞斯德是史上第一位環保主義者的說法。

關鍵字

《阿爾塔維拉夫之書》；祆教；瑣羅亞斯德；環保；生態學

並列摘要

The Zoroastrian document The Book of Arda Viraf was written in the late Sassanid dynasty. The general idea is that: Viraf's soul is out of his body, led by two angels, traversing heaven and hell, and after waking up, he tells the world about what he has seen and heard. In the Zoroastrian teachings, the main god Ahura Mazda has a number of subordinate gods, including the god of the earth, the god of fire, the god of rivers, the god of plants, and so on. Human beings, such as polluting land and rivers, burning filth, destroying vegetation, etc., are blaspheming these gods. Several of the penalties in hell in this book are related to this. This article we introduces chapters related to environmental protection, confirms Zoroastrian environmental awareness and the claim that Zoroaster is the earliest environmentalist in the world.