The sophisticated engineering of qanats in Turfan Basin is worthy of a detailed investigation. Turfan is located at the intersection of the Eastern and Western cultures where China came into contact with the ancient Persian worlds and the local residents, Chinese peoples, and immigrants from the Sogdia areas mixed up. Thus the existent complicated qanat systems themselves may well showcase the interplay of diverse cultures, civilizations, and technologies. This paper will cast some light on the significance of qanats in Xingjian by comparing certain instances of the underground wells documented in ancient Chinese texts, the hydraulic technology of qanats in Iran, and the reconstruction of those abandoned wells during the Qing colonial enterprise. Yet it is never overemphasized that, in recent years, the costly maintenance, the nearby oil wells, and climate change may have been threatening the precious quanats in Turfan.