雄王信仰的建構過程：貫穿越南民族意識的宗教

越南從第10世紀獨立建國起就展開了長期的民族意識建構歷程。歷經一千多年來，在文化、文學、思想、歷史、信仰等各方面都有顯著的表現，尤其在開國始祖雄王神話的建構上，表現的比日本與韓國更長久而持續。越南在第14世紀建構了民族始祖的傳說，到15世紀，正式轉為歷史，寫入《大越史記全書》，建立越南史學體系。從此神話歷史宗教交互影響，一直到第20世紀形成完整體系的雄王信仰，更被無神論的共產黨越南政府所繼承，並加以發揚光大。本文從越南民族宗教來探討雄王信仰，從而指出雄王如何從神話走進歷史，然後成為貫穿越南民族意識的宗教之建構過程。

關鍵字

雄王；雒龍君；涇陽王；越南民間信仰；民族意識

並列摘要

Vietnam, since its founding as in independent state in the tenth century, has developed through a long period of national consciousness building. Over the course of more than a thousand years, there have been remarkable displays in a variety of aspects, such as culture, literature, thought, history and beliefs, but especially in the formation of the mythology centered on the Hung Kings, founding ancestors of Vietnam, a mythological system which has been sustained far long longer than even Japan and Korea's national myths. In the fourteenth century, Vietnamese constructed legend of their ethnic ancestors, which formally became history in the fifteenth century, inscribed in the The Complete Annals of Đại Việt, a work that established a Vietnamese system of historiography. From this time, when myth, history, and religion came to mutually influence one another, until the 20th century, a whole system of beliefs about the Hung Kings was formed, something that was even inherited and carried forward by the atheist Community Party of the Vietnamese government. This paper discusses beliefs of the Hung Kings from the perspective of a Vietnamese nationalistic religion, pointing out how the Hung Kings have moved from a figure of mythology to one of history, thereby constituting a constructive process of a religion that now penetrates Vietnam's national consciousness.