高雄地區小兒過敏病的臨床研究　Ⅰ.呼吸器過敏：過敏性鼻炎與過敏性氣喘

Clinical Study of childhood Allergy in Kaohsiung Area I. Respiratory Allergy: Allergic Rhinitis and Extrinsic Bronchial Asthma

劉文章(Wen-Jang Liu)

《Acta Paediatrica Sinica》 19卷4期 (1978/12) Pp. 310-321

摘要

將自民國65年11月1日到66年10月30日一年內前來過敏病門診求治的小孩加以統計，總數300例。其中呼吸器過敏的有160例。男女比約為2：1左右。發病年齡在3歲以下的約佔半數(48.12%)。症狀發作的季節以冬季最多(72.75%)。每天早晨與夜晚比較容易症狀發作。第一度親屬的過敏病史有80%左右。影響發作的因素以冷天氣及氣候劇發較明顯（85.63%及83.75%）。臨床上比較常見的症狀是打噴嚏(96.25%)，鼻漏(88.13%)，鼻塞(78.75%)，咳嗽(76.88%)，鼻子發癢(58.13%)，及呼吸喘嗚聲(55.0%)。皮膚試驗陽性反應以灰塵陽性反應的佔最多(73.11%)，其次是舊棉絮(49.58%)，舊草蓆(39.50%)，酵母(21.01%)，唸珠菌(19.33%)，黑色管狀菌(18.49%)等。血清IgE濃度兩者均比正常兒童高，氣喘病兒比過敏性鼻炎的濃度更高。
治療是以依各個病兒的皮膚試驗結果，綜合配方，稀釋而施行減敏治療。

並列摘要

During the period from Nov. 1st, 1976 to Oct. 31, 1977, a total of 300 children visited the allergic clinic of the Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical College Hospital. The figure was approximately one seventh of the total OPD patients of the Department. One hundred and sixty children were found to have allergic respiratory diseases, ie. allergic rhinitis (80 cases) and extrinsic bronchial asthma (80 cases). The male to female ratio was 2︰1. The age distribution of the onset of illness was as follows: before 1 year, 16.25%; before 2 years, 30.00%; and before 5 years, 61.88%. Family history of allergic diseases was found in 80% of the patients.
The symptoms occurred most frequently at night and in the morning, especially in the winter season. Cold weather (85.63%) and drastic weather change (83.75%) were found to be the most important precipitating factors. Clinical manifestations included sneezing (96.25%), rhinorrhea (88.13%), nasal obstruction (78.75%), cough (76.88%), nose itching (58.13%) and wheezing respiration (55.00%).
The important allergens found by skin testing were house dust (73.11%), used cotton (49.58%), used tatami (39.50%), yeast (21.01%), candida (19.33%), and pullularia (18.49%).
The mean serum IgE level of the allergic patients was higher than that of nonallergic ones.
We treated these patients with a mixture of allergens selected on the basis of the results of skin testings.

並列關鍵字

allergic rhinitis ； allergic bronchial asthma ； skin test ； hyposensitization