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Ultrasonographic Study in Infants with Prolonged Obstructive Jaundice

嬰兒稽延阻塞性黃疸之超音波研究

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摘要


嬰兒稽延阻塞性黃疸的鑑別診斷有時很困難。高雄醫學院小兒科自民國72年4月至民國74年7月,對47名年齡介於16天到126天的黃疸嬰兒,做前瞻性的肝膽道超音波檢查。患兒在空腹6小時後,以3.5MHz探頭的實時間掃瞄儀器(Real-time scanners)檢查,尤其注意肝門區的膽管大小及膽囊之有區,以看到大於1.5公分長經的膽囊或正常大小的共同管道(Common duct, 共同肝管及共同膽管的合稱),做爲新生兒肝炎診斷的依據,超音波檢查結果如下: 47名黃疸嬰兒的最後診斷爲新生兒肝炎38名,膽道閉鎖4名,及膽道囊腫5名(其中3名合併膽道閉鎖)。38名新生兒肝炎中,有37名(97%)可見正常大小的共同管道,21名(55%)可見膽囊;4名膽道閉鎖者均不見膽囊,其中3名膽道異常(包括2名不見共同膽道,1名膽道略呈擴張),另1名膽道大小正常;5名膽道囊腫者均在肝門區可見囊狀擴張的構造,且有肝管與此構造相通,其中4名伴有肝內膽道擴張。 我們的結論是簡單、無傷害性且可重覆操作的腹部超音波檢查,可用來做爲鑑別稽延阻塞性黃疸嬰兒,是否需要開刀或內科治療的初步篩檢項目,然而其診斷的正確性有賴於儀器本身的解析力、操作者的經驗及更多病例的分析。

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並列摘要


Forty-seven infants with prolonged obstructive jaundice were studied by hepatobiliary ultrasonography. Thirty-eight cases finally proved to have neonatal hepatitis; four biliary atresia; (3 proved, 1 suspected) and the other five choledochal cyst. In the neonatal hepatitis group, ultrasonography showed normal common duct and/or visible gallbladder in all cases. Ultrasonography revealed abnormal biliary tree in three of the four with biliary atresia. While cystic dilatation of common duct was seen in all with choledochal cyst. Ultrasonography is considered to be a valuable test in detecting the nature of prolonged obstructive jaundice, whether it is a surgical or medical problem.

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