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Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber Syndrome with Hemimegalencephaly: Report of One Case

Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber症候群合併半側腦肥大:一病例報告

摘要


Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber症候群是一種極罕見的先天性血管異常,它的特徵包括表皮血管瘤,靜脈曲張,半側肢體肥大及動靜脈瘻管。本報告病例爲一足月,生産順利之女嬰,出生後被發現左側臉頰及頭蓋骨較右側肥大,臉部及身上多處血管染色病變,但無抽筋的情形,一個月大時左下肌肥大的情形逐漸明顯,故符合了Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber症候群的診斷,此診斷僅少數病例會合併半側腦肥大。半側腦肥大亦是一種極罕見的先天腦部發育異常,它的特徵是一側腦半球肥大合併同側腦室擴大,目前原因不明,大多認爲在懷孕約三個月時,也就是腦皮質神經元移動時,因一些不明原因的衝擊所導致。診斷的方法主要是靠核磁共振掃描或電腦斷層攝影,主要的發現是肥大的一邊有腦皮質增厚,皮質及白質的分野不明顯及同側的腦室擴大等。病人的預後是極其多樣化的,有些人神經學檢查完全正常,有些人卻出現明顯的心智發展遲緩及難以控制的癲癇。預後最主要是取決於癲癇出現的早晚,癲癇是否容易爲藥物所控制及影像檢查所顯示腦部受破壞的程度。治療主要是支持療法,控制癲癇的發作,難控制者甚至需要外科手術治療,美容霜可幫忙掩蓋臉上的血管染色,彈性襪可減輕下肢靜脈的血液滯留及水腫。目前神經生理學檢查可找出某部位的神經生理功能是否完整,一些新近的功能影像檢查,例如single photon emission computed tomographt和positron emission tomography可進一步發現某一部位的腦細胞代謝異常,此一部位可能在影像掃描下完全正常。

並列摘要


A full-term female neonate presented with facial port-wine stain, cutaneous telangiectasia, left facial hemihypertrophy, and left hemimegalencephaly at birth and subsequently developed hypertrophic change of left limb. She fit the diagnostic criteria of Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber syndrome. However, it was an unusual variant of this syndrome because the patient had left facial hemihypertrophy, left hemimegalencephaly and ipsilateral ventriculomegaly. Although patients with hemimegalencephaly are commonly thought to be associated with neurological defects, such as developmental delay, mental retardation and intractable seizure, she had normal neurological development and no seizure was detectable until two years of age.

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