- 期刊
Comparison of the Genetic Knowledge among Nurses, Students, and General Public after Ten Years of Implementation of Genetic Health Program in Taiwan
護理人員、大專學生及民衆之遺傳知識：實施優生保健計劃十年後之探討
摘要
本研究目的在探討實施優生保健計劃十年後，護理人員、大專學生及民衆對遺傳知識了解的程度。共收集885名個案，其中361包括名公共衛生護理人員、74名産兒科護理人員、364名大專學生及86名民衆。研究工具爲一份自行發展之問卷，內容涵蓋基本遺傳知識、孟德爾定律與機率、産前遺傳診斷及確認常見之遺傳疾病關係四部份共33題；每答對一題得一分，答錯或未答不計分。結果顯示公共衛生護理人員具有最佳之遺傳知識，不過尚須加強有關孟德爾定率與機率方面之練習；産兒科護理人員則僅次於公共衛生護理 人員然因其平均學曆較公共衛生護理人員爲高，需將其納入優生保健服務及在職訓練計盡中，增進有關確認遺傳疾病的知識，以提昇其提早發現個案並適時轉介個案之能力；大專學生在有關産前遺傳診斷及確認常見之遺傳疾病方面之得分最低，對此即將面臨生育階段之青年男女，應在其課程中加強此內容。本研究總結：1．經由十年參與優生保健服務並給予多項在職進修機會，公共衛生護理人員的確呈現其在遺傳知識上之優良能力；2．産兒科護理人員應納入優生保健在職訓練以提昇其協助發現個案及轉介的能力；3．對於一般民衆應加強其有關産前遺傳診斷及確認遺傳疾病之實用性知識；4．對於一般大專學生則應將産前遺傳診斷之知識納入課程內；5．對於有關分子生物方面之新知（如DNA的分析），應納入所有研究對象之遺傳教育課程。
並列摘要
This study aims to explore the genetic knowledge of different health professional, and non-professional populations after ten years of implementation of genetic health program in Taiwan. A self-administered questionnaire was developed to test the genetic knowledge of 885 respondents who included 361 community health nurses, 74 maternal-child nurses, 364 college students, and 86 members of the general public. The questionnaire included 33 questions which were divided into 4 categories (1) basic genetic knowledge, (2) Mendel’s Law and probability, (3) prenatal diagnosis, (4) identification of common genetic disorders. The responses were scored and analyzed statistically with AIVOVA tests. Community health nurses had the highest scores of genetic knowledge. However, they need more practice in the application of Mendel’s Law and probability. Maternal-child nurses should be involved in genetic education programs and improve their ability to identify common genetic disorders and thus increase their ability to identify cases and provide better information to patients and families.. Compared to other groups, college students had lower scores in prenatal diagnosis and identification of common genetic disorders. Therefore, college curricula in genetics need to emphasize more on these subjects. From the study, it was concluded that community health nurses are effective and competent to continue the genetic education as supported by the government in the past ten years. Maternal-child nurses are inevitably involved in genetic service, and they should be provided with suitable continuing education programs. The general public should strengthen their knowledge of prenatal diagnosis and common genetic disorders. Prenatal diagnosis should be added in the school curriculum of college students to expand their knowledge. New genetic technology, such as DNA analysis, should be added in the content of genetic education programs.