Application of Cecidomyiid Galls to the Systematics of the Genus Machilus (Lauraceae) in Taiwan

癭蚋蟲癭在臺灣楨楠屬植物系統分類學之應用

楊淑燕(sue-Yen Yang)l) ； 陳明義(Ming-Yih Chen) ； 楊正澤(Jeng-Tze Yang)

《Botanical Bulletin of Academia Sinica》 43卷1期 (2002/01) Pp. 31-35

https://doi.org/10.7016/BBAS.200201.0031

摘要

台灣楨楠屬(Machilus)植物有多樣的癭蚋癭(cecidomyiid gall)，造癭者爲癭蚋科的Daphnephila屬。本研究探討癭蚋蟲癭在臺灣楨楠屬植物系統分類學之可行性。在産癭植物方面，使用AFLP方法分析大葉楠(Machilus kusanoi)、豬腳楠(M.thunbergii)、香楠(M.Zuihoensis vai.zuihoensis)及霧社楨楠(M.zuihoensis vai.mushaensis)的38個樣本，以UPGMA方法進行追歸於同一分類群，在造癭昆蟲方面，以PCR及DNA定序分析採自3型蟲癭的20個樣本的粒線體16SrDNA序列，以proportion distance依UPGMA歸群方法所得的樹形圖顯示所分析的造癭昆蟲可依蟲癭類型分成3群，每一群皆無法區分香楠與霧社楨楠。本研究發現，根據DNA定序與AFLP的方法，皆無法區分香楠與霧社楨楠，且此兩者與豬腳楠的親源關係較大葉楠親近。楨楠屬産癭植物與Daphnephila屬造癭昆蟲所得的楨楠屬植物系統關係符合，Daphnephila屬造癭昆蟲可協助釐清楨楠屬植物之系統關係。

關鍵字

AFLP ； 癭蚋科 ； DNA序列 ； 蟲癭 ； 楨楠屬 ； 系統學

並列摘要

The species of the genus Machilus (Lauraceae) in Taiwan sustain diverse cecidomyiid galls induced by the insects of the genus Daphnephila (Cecidomyiidae). This work examines the feasibility of applying cecidomyiid galls to the systematics of the genus Machilus. Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) was used to analyze the 38 gall-bearing trees of four Machilus taxa including Machilus kusanoi, M. thunbergii, M. zuihoensis var. zuihoensis, and M. zuihoensis var. mushaensis. The UPGMA cluster analysis of the AFLP data revealed three distinct clusters, including M. kusanoi, M. thunbergii, and M. zuihoensis variety complex. Machilus zuihoensis var. zuihoensis and M. zuihoensis var. mushaensis were indistinguishable from the three primer combinations. These two varieties could be considered the same taxon. PCR and DNA sequencing methods were used to analyze the nucleotide sequences of the mitochondrial 16SrDNA gene of the twenty gall midges from three types of galls from four Machilus taxa. The phylogenetic tree from the partial 16SrDNA sequence by UPGMA method of proportion distance revealed that the gall midges can be divided into three groups according to gall types. The phylogenetic tree cannot separate the. twovarieties of M. zuihoensis within each group. Machilus zuihoensis var. zuihoensis and M. zuihoensis var. mushaensis cannot be distinguished according to the AFLP or DNA sequencing methods, and they are more closely related to M. thunbergii than to M. kusanoi. The systematic relationships among the Machilus from the data of host plants are congruent with the data from the gall inducers. Results in this study imply that the gall inducers of genus Daphnephila provide information for resolving the plant systematic relationships based on molecular techniques.

並列關鍵字

AFLP ； Cecidomyiidae ； DNA sequence ； Insect gall ； Machilus ； Systematics