台灣茶樹菇之鑑定

Identification for Southern Poplar and Willow-Pine Mushrooms from Taiwan

陳錦桐(Jin-Tong Chen) ； 彭金騰(Jin-Torng Peng) ； 林玫珠(Mei-Ju Lin)

《台灣農業研究》 55卷1期 (2006/03) Pp. 25-38

https://doi.org/10.6156/JTAR/2006.05501.03

摘要

茶樹菇(Southern poplar mushroom)菇體具有特殊香味及脆嫩的口感，為一種新興食用菇類。由菇體外觀、菌絲與孢子形態發現與市售之柳松菇（LUB菌株），二者極為相似，只有在菇傘表面，茶樹菇為皺縮與菇柄褐色多纖毛，基部下緣暗灰白色與柳松菇不同。觀察茶樹菇TM01菌株、市售的柳松菇LUB與LUW二個菌株，和荷蘭柳松菇H911菌株等四個菇體形態特性，並蒐集它們的擔孢子，進行單孢菌株自交與雜交試驗，結果發現TM01單孢菌株四個交配型和LUB與LUW單孢菌株的所有交配型皆可雜交產生扣子體；而LUB與LUW菌株的交配型完全相同；TM01與H911品系單孢菌株交配只有部分交配型，可交配成功，此外，LUB、LUW與H911三品系的單孢菌株也部分交配型可雜交成功。彼等不能交配成功乃因不親和性因子A或B具有相同對偶基因之緣故，顯示茶樹菇與市售的柳松菇LUB、LUW及H911等四個品系極可能為同一物種。進一步，利用核糖體轉錄外區間 (internal transcribed spacer，ITS) 之分子生物技術研析，將茶樹菇的核酸序列與美國生物訊息中心(NCBI)資料庫比對，發現其與Agrocybe chaxingu相似度達98.6-99.1%；而與柳松菇Agrocybe cylindracea相似度達87.8-88.3%，因此，將台灣茶樹菇學名鑑定為A. chaxingu Huang。

關鍵字

茶樹菇 ； 鑑定 ； 核糖體轉錄外區間ITS

並列摘要

Southern poplar mushroom (strain TM01) is a newly explored edible mushroom in Taiwan. Due to its special fragrant and unique texture, the mushroom has become increasingly popular recently. Two strains of the willow-pine mushroom (strain LUB and LUW) are commercially available in Taiwan. Owing to the high similarity in morphological characteristics between the southern poplar mushroom and the willow-pine mushroom (strain LUB), these two mushrooms are considered the same in Taiwan. The morphological characteristics of fruit-bodies, spores size, spore print color of the three willow-pine mushroom strains (strain LUB, LUW and H911) and southern poplar mushroom (strain TM01) were compared in this study. Basidiospores of these mushrooms were collected for single spore isolation and also for intra-stock and inter-stock mating of their monokaryotic isolates. Results of the intra-stock mating demonstrated that all the four mushroom strains were tetrapolar heterothallic, and these of the inter-stock mating of the representative monokaryons of their 4 mating types showed that they were fully compatible. It strongly implicates that the four mushroom strains belong to the same species. The ITS (internal transcribed spacer regions) sequences of the four mushroom strains were compared with those deposited in the GenBank database of National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). The identity of ITS nucleotide sequences of TM01 (Acc. No. AY904341) is 98.6-99.1% with A. chaxingu (Acc. No. AY168832 and AY168833), but 87.8-88.3% with A. cylindracea. According to results of the inter-stock mating and molecular data, the newly cultivated edible mushroom southern poplar mushroom (strain TM01) in Taiwan was identified as A. chaxingu Huang. Besides, the two commercial strains (LUB and LUW) of willow-pine mushroom were also identified as A. chaxingu Huang.

並列關鍵字

Agrocybe chaxingu ； Identification ； ITS