氣象資源於水稻利用效率之探討Ⅱ水分利用效率

Studies on the Use Efficiency of Meteorological Resources for Rice. Ⅱ. Water Use Efficiency

姚銘輝(Ming-Hwi Yao) ； 陳守泓(Shou-Hung Chen) ； 陳述(Shu Chen)

《台灣農業研究》 55卷2期 (2006/06) Pp. 121-134

https://doi.org/10.6156/JTAR/2006.05502.05

摘要

水份利用效率有不同定義，本研究目的是利用不同量測尺度及方法，探討27種水稻品種之水份利用效率。結果顯示，由鮑溫比／能量平衡系統所量測田間二氧化碳通量和葉面積指數變化一致，此可利用於決定水稻田正常環境之水份利用效率。盆缽試驗結果則說明水稻品種問植株用水量差異，和葉片之光合作用速率及蒸散作用速率的比值有密切關係。另經由葉片尺度比較27種水稻，結果顯示在乾旱環境下，秈稻及陸稻之水份利用效率較稉稻高，顯示目前的稉稻栽培品種應藉由育種加強耐旱性。另外，由乾旱葉片的葉綠素螢光參數之電子傳遞鏈，可快速及準確篩選高水份利用效率之水稻。

關鍵字

水稻 ； 蒸發散 ； 通量 ； 水分利用效率

並列摘要

There are several definition for water use efficiency (WUE). The aim of this study is to evaluate the water use efficiency of 27 rice cultivars with different scale and measurement. The results showed the CO2 flux measured by Bowen ratio/energy system in field were consistent with the change of leaf area index. It could be used to decide the water use efficiency in non-stress rice field. The experiment in pot indicated the different water requirement among rice cultivars were related to the ratio of photosynthesis rate to transpiration rate of leaves. By the comparison with the leaves of 27 rice cultivars, it showed the water use efficiency in indica and upland rice are higher than japonica rice under drought treatment. It indicated the current japonica cultivars ought to improve the drought tolerance by means of breeding. In addition, the PSII electron transfer chain (ETR) of the fluorescence parameter of drought leaves could be used to quickly select the rice with high water use efficiency.

並列關鍵字

Rice Oryza sativa L. ； Evapotranspiration ； Flux ； Water use efficiency