膜莢黃耆的農藝性狀調查與活性成分分析

Agronomic Characters and Cctive Ingredient Contents of Astragali Radix Planted in Taiwan

林義恭(Yi-Kung Lin) ； 陳邦華(Bang-Hua Chen) ； 張永勳(Yuan-Shiun Chang) ； 吳岳文(Yue-Wun Wu) ； 劉新裕(Sin-Yi Liu) ； 賴瑞聲(Ruey-Sheng Lai) ； 高瑞隆(Jui-Lung Kao) ； 劉嘉仁(Jia-Ren Liu)

《台灣農業研究》 55卷3期 (2006/09) Pp. 190-200

https://doi.org/10.6156/JTAR/2006.05503.05

摘要

為了解膜莢黃耆在台灣的栽培的農藝性狀及其成分含量，在三個地點試作並分析成分，栽培一年半的膜莢黃耆及蒙古黃耆的平均株高分別為68 cm及76 cm，二者間差異顯著。每株平均分枝數膜莢黃耆為6，蒙古黃耆為9；平均鮮莖葉重膜莢黃耆為374.6g，蒙古黃耆為366.3g。平均乾莖葉重膜莢黃耆為131.2g，蒙古黃者為129.4g。平均鮮根重膜莢黃耆為264.3g，蒙古黃耆為203.6g。平均乾根重膜莢黃耆為135.0g，蒙古黃耆為132.3g。公頃產量膜莢黃耆為1,342 kg/ha，蒙古黃耆為1,248kg/ha。由根分離出的異黃酮(isoflavonoids)共有三種化合物，包括(1). (6aR, 11aR) 9,10-dimethoxypteroearpan7- O- β- D - glucopyranoside (二甲氧基紫檀烷－葡萄糖苷)；(2). (3R) -(-)-7,2- hydroxy-3' ,4'-dimethoxy- isoflavan-7-O - β- D-glueopyranoside (二甲氧基異黃烷－葡萄糖苷)；及(3). ealyeosin(毛蕊異黃酮)。3種黃酮類含量合計介於0.27-0.55 mg/g之間，栽培地區中以霧社地區0.55mg/g最高，三地門0.43 mg/g次之，臺中地區0.36mg/g又次之，而市售品0.27mg/g最低。4種黃耆皂甙(astragaloside)含量合計介於0.74- 1.08 mg/g之間，以市售品1.08 mglg最高，臺中地區為0.95mg/g次之，與市售品間差異為不顯著，霧社地區0.87 mg/g又次之，三地門0.74 mg/g居末。就已分析的活性成分而言，台灣種植的黃耆並不亞於國外進口藥材。

關鍵字

膜莢黃耆 ； 蒙古黃耆 ； 農藝性狀 ； 活性成分 ； 黃耆藥材

並列摘要

In order to understand the agronomic characters of A. membranaceus and the active ingredient contents in Astragali Radix, the plants were cultivated at 3 different locations in Taiwan. The root of A. membranaceus is called Astragali Radix and it is a important traditional Chinese medicine in Taiwan. Two botanical forms of these medicinal plants including A. membranaceus and A. membranaceus var. mongholicus were used as our materials. The average plant height and branch numbers of A. membranaceus was 76 cm and 6, respectively, whereas A. membranaceus var. mongholicus was 68 cm and 9 after planting for 18 months. The fresh and dry leaf and stem weight were 374.6 g and 131.2 g, respectively, for A. membranaceus, and 366.3 g and 129.4 g for A. membranaceus var. mongholicus. The fresh and dry root weight of A. membranaceus was 264.3 g and 135.0 g, and A. membranaceus var. mongholicus was 203.6 g and 132.3 g, respectively. The yields of A. membranaceus was 1,342 kg/ha, and A. membranaceus var. mongholicus was 1,248 kg/ha. Based on the analysis results, the active ingredients, isoflavonoids, in the root consisted of three compounds including (1). (6aR,11aR)9,10- dimethoxypterocarpan-7-Ο-β-D-glucopyranoside, (2). (3R)-(-)- 7,2- hydroxy-3',4'-dimethoxyisoflavan-7- O-β-D-glucopyranoside, and (3). calycosin. The total contents of three isoflavonoids in the roots harvested from plants cultivated at Taichung, Sandimen and Wushe were 0.36 mg/g, 0.43 mg/g and 0.56 mg/g, respectively, whereas imported samples from market were 0.27 mg/g only. The total contents of four astragalosides were 1.08 mg/g extracted from the imported products and 0.95 mg/g, 0,87 mg/g and 0.74 mg/g from those planted at Taichung, Wushe and Sandimen, respectively. Both astragaloside contents in the imported products and the roots harvested from Taichung were not significantly different at p=0.05 by LSD test. The results indicated that A. membranaceus can be planted in Taiwan as a pioneer traditional Chinese medicinal crop.

並列關鍵字

Astragalus membranaceus ； A. membranaceus var. mongholicus ； agronomic character ； active ingredient ； Astragali Radix