氣候變遷下水稻氣象資源利用效率之研究

Studies on the Meteorological Resources Use Efficiency of Rice for Climate Change

姚銘輝(Ming-Hwi Yao) ； 陳守泓(Shou-Hung Chen) ； 漆匡時(Kung-Shy Chi)

《台灣農業研究》 56卷1期 (2007/03) Pp. 31-44

https://doi.org/10.6156/JTAR/2007.05601.04

摘要

由於人類活動的結果，大氣二氧化碳濃度快速增加，已嚴重影響全球氣候系統。根據IPCC的報告，在2100年全球平均溫度將上升1.4-5.8℃，同時並伴隨極端天氣事件發生頻率的增加。從農業氣象的觀點，作物對氣象資源的利用效率是評估氣候變遷下農業生產的重要指標。本研究利用光合作用儀器量測水稻之輻射利用效率及水分利用效率，以評估在高溫、乾旱及提高二氧化碳環境下，氣候因素、品種差異及葉片生理反應之間的交感。由試驗結果顯示，高溫造成輻射及水分利用效率下降，然而，提高二氧化碳則可大幅增加葉片光合作用效率，使輻射利用效率依品種特性提高約10-70%之間。乾旱則因葉片缺水使氣孔關閉，而導致輻射利用效率下降，但因減少水分蒸散而使水分利用效率提高。至於同時處理三種氣候因素，則輻射利用效率下降約30-40%，水分利用效率可達29%。

關鍵字

氣候變遷 ； 輻射利用效率 ； 水分利用效率 ； 水稻

並列摘要

Anthropogenic emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) have serious impact on the global climate system. According to the report of IPCC, the change in global mean temperature of 1.4-5.8℃, accompanying with increased frequency of extreme weather events is likely to occur until 2100. From the view of agrometeorology, the use efficiency of meteorological resources for crop is one of important indices to evaluate the effects of climate change on agricultural production. In this study, radiation-and water-use efficiency for rice were measured using photosynthesis devices under high temperature, drought and enhanced carbon dioxide environment in order to assess the interactions among climate factors, different cultivars and physiological response of leaves. Experimental results showed that both the radiation-and water-use efficiency decreased under high temperature treatment. However, while elevated CO2 concentration significantly increased the rate of leaf photosynthesis, the radiation use efficiency of tested rice raised by 10-70% depending on different cultivars. Because of the wilt of leaves, drought caused the drop of radiation use efficiency due to closed stomata. Nevertheless the fall in transpiration induced the increment of water use efficiency. In addition, for the combined treatment of three meteorological factors, the radiation use efficiency was lower by 30-40% than that of the normal environment while the water use efficiency was higher up to 29%.

並列關鍵字

Climate change ； Radiation use efficiency ； Water use efficiency ； Rice