台灣龍眼果實性狀評估與分類

Evaluation and Classification of Fruit Characteristics of Longan Cultivars in Taiwan

薛吉人(Jyi-Ren Shay) ； 王婉伶(Wan-Ling Wang) ； 張哲瑋(Jer-Way Chang) ； 蔡智賢(Jyh-Shyan Tsay)

《台灣農業研究》 60卷4期 (2011/12) Pp. 318-327

https://doi.org/10.6156/JTAR/2011.06004.08

摘要

本試驗係於2010年以農業試驗所嘉義試驗分所龍眼種原園中的36種栽培品種為材料，調查其果實性狀，而後以集群分析（ClusteringMethod）進行分群，以利評估各栽培品種間的相似性與差異性，以為龍眼育種之參考。結果顯示，36種栽培品種可區分為5個集群。集群A與集群B的單果重、果肉重及平均果徑均較高，但集群A的種子重較集群B為低。集群A中以‘水貢’較具發展優勢，其平均單果重14.9g，平均果肉重10.2g，果肉率68.1％，總可溶性固形物17.2°Brix，其次為‘Ponyai’和‘紅殼硬枝’。集群E的單果重、種子重、果肉重及平均果徑雖較其他集群為低，但一年四季皆可開花結果且總可溶性固形物高達22.6°Brix的‘四季眼’，及果肉率高達73.5％的‘埔尾小核’亦存在育種發展潛力。

關鍵字

龍眼 ； 種原 ； 果實品質 ； 集群分析

並列摘要

This study was undertaken in 2010 to evaluate fruit characteristics of 36 cultivars of longan (Dimocarpus longan) in the arboretum of the Chiayi Agricultural Experiment Station (CAES), Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute (TARI). Fruit characteristics of these cultivars were analyzed, using the Ward's minimum variance clustering method. Results showed that 36 cultivars of longan were divided into 5 clusters based on similarities and differences of fruit characteristics. The cultivars in both clusters A and B had higher fruit weight, aril weight, and fruit diameter, compared to the cultivars of the other 3 clusters. Cultivars in cluster A had lower seed weight than cultivars in cluster B. Among cultivars in cluster A, the cultivar 'Shui Gong' showed high potential for economical production because of its high fruit weight (14.9 g), high aril weight (10.2 g), high percentage of aril weight (68.1%) and high total soluble solids of juice (17.2°Brix); followed by the cultivars 'Ponyai' and 'Hong Ke Ying Zhi'. Cultivars in cluster E had the lowest fruit weight, seed weight, aril weight and fruit diameter, compared to the cultivars in other clusters. However, in cluster E, the cultivar 'Si Ji Yan' blossomed all year around and produced fruits with high total soluble solids (22.6°Brix), and the cultivar 'Pu Wei Xiao He' produced fruits with high percentage of aril weight (73.5%). Therefore, despite small fruit size, both 'Si Ji Yan' and 'Pu Wei Xiao He' are valuable source of germplasms for breeding programs of longan.

並列關鍵字

Longan ； Dimocarpus longan ； Germplasm ； Fruit quality ； Cluster analysis