寄主與溫度對薹潛蠅繭蜂（Opius caricivorae）（膜翅目：小繭蜂科）族群增長與寄生能力之影響

Effect of Host and Temperature on Population Increase and Parasitism of Opius caricivorae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)

錢景秦(Ching-Chin Chien) ； 張淑貞(Shu-Chen Chang)

《台灣農業研究》 61卷3期 (2012/09) Pp. 172-185

https://doi.org/10.6156/JTAR/2012.06103.02

摘要

以二種寄主南美斑潛蠅 [Liriomyza huidobrensis （Blanchard）]、蔬菜斑潛蠅（Liriomyza sativae Blanchard）及6個溫度10、15、20、25、30及35℃進行其對薹潛蠅繭蜂（Opius caricivorae Fischer）族群增長與寄生能力之研究。得知該蜂發育溫度受寄主種類之影響，寄主為南美斑潛蠅時，適溫帶為10-25℃，其間該蜂卵至蛹期之存活率為62.6-91.2%，發育日數為15.5-82.6日。寄主為蔬菜斑潛蠅時適溫帶為10-30℃，其間該蜂卵至蛹期之存活率為52.5-89.0%，發育日數為11.4-81.0日。在這二種寄主上，該蜂卵至蛹期之發育臨界低溫各為7.03℃與7.61℃。當寄主為南美斑潛蠅時，該蜂卵、幼蟲、前蛹、蛹及卵至蛹期之發育有效積溫各為40、88、36、125及286日度；若寄主為蔬菜斑潛蠅時，則各為36、83、31、112及263日度。該蜂一生寄生南美斑潛蠅總數於10、15、20及25℃定溫下各為10、156、146及259隻，寄生蔬菜斑潛蠅總數於10、15、20、25及30℃定溫下各為18、171、257、277及216隻。在25℃下當寄主各為南美斑潛蠅與蔬菜斑潛蠅時，雌蜂每日內在增殖率（rm）各為0.1874與0.2223，每世代每雌淨增殖率（Ro）各為116.413隻雌蜂與152.113隻雌蜂，平均世代時間（T）各為25.38日與22.60日。於10-35℃定溫、每日僅以蜂蜜餵食、無寄主供應時，雌、雄蜂壽命最長者各為10℃時之108.4日與66.2日，同時供應寄主蔬菜斑潛蠅與蜂蜜時，雌蜂壽命最長者為20℃時之34.3日，雄蜂壽命最長者為10℃時之53.6日。顯示薹潛蠅繭蜂因受限溫度對寄主發生之影響，在15-25℃時為南美斑潛蠅之有效寄生蜂，在15-30℃時為蔬菜斑潛蠅之有效寄生蜂。

關鍵字

薹潛蠅繭蜂 ； 南美斑潛蠅 ； 蔬菜斑潛蠅 ； 溫度 ； 族群增長

並列摘要

The objective of this study was to determine effect of host and temperature on population increase and parasitism of the wasp, Opius caricivorae Fischer, using two species of hosts, Liriomyza huidobrensis (Blanchard) and Liriomyza sativae Blanchard, and six temperatures (10, 15, 20, 25, 30 and 35℃). The time required for the development of the wasp at different stages varied with host species. Using L. huidobrensis as host, the development period of wasps from egg to pupal stage was 82.6 days at 10℃ and 15.5 days at 25℃ and the survival rate was 62.6% at 10℃, 79.2-91.2% at 15℃ to 25℃ and 0% at 30℃. Using L. sativae as host, the development period of wasps from egg to pupal stage was 81.0 days at 10℃ and 11.4 days at 30℃ and the survival rate was 52.5% at 10℃, 85.8-89.0% at 15℃ to 25℃ and 67.4% at 30℃. The low temperature threshold for development of the wasp was 7.03 and 7.61℃ from egg to pupal stage on the hosts L. huidobrensis and L. sativae, respectively. The accumulated heat units required for development of the wasp was 40, 88, 36, 125 and 286 degree-days for egg, larval, prepupal, pupal and egg to pupal stage, respectively, on the host L. huidobrensis, whereas the accumulated heat units required for development of the wasp was 36, 83, 31, 112 and 263 degreedays for egg, larval, prepupal, pupal and egg to pupal stage, respectively, on the host L. sativae. The lifetime fertility of the wasp was 10, 156, 146 and 259 wasps at 10, 15, 20 and 25℃, respectively, on L. huidobrensis and was 18, 171, 257, 277 and 216 wasps at 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30℃, respectively, on L. sativae. Depending on L. huidobrensis and L. sativae, the intrinsic rate of increase (rm) of female wasps was 0.1874 and 0.2223/day, net reproductive rate (Ro) was 116.413 and 152.113 female wasps/female, and mean generation time (T) was 25.38 and 22.60 days at 25℃, respectively. When adult wasps were provided with honey only without host from 10℃ to 35℃, the maximum longevity of the female and male wasps was 108.4 and 66.2 days at 10℃, respectively. For wasps provided daily with both hosts (L. sativae) and honey, the maximum longevity of female wasps was 34.3 days at 20℃, and male wasps was 53.6 days at 10℃. This study indicates that O. caricivorae was an effective parasitoid of L. huidobrensis and L. sativae when the temperature was at 15-25℃ and 15-30℃, respectively.

並列關鍵字

Opius caricivorae ； Liriomyza huidobrensis ； Liriomyza sativae ； Temperature ； Population increase