台灣木瓜疫病菌配對型之分佈

Mating Type Distribution of ＂Phytophthora palmivora＂ from Papaya in Taiwan

安寶貞(Pao-Jen Ann) ； 蔡志濃(Jyh-Nong Tsai) ； 王姻婷(Ien-Tien Wang)

《台灣農業研究》 63卷4期 (2014/12) Pp. 267-273

https://doi.org/10.6156/JTAR/2014.06304.02

摘要

自1977年至2011年於13縣市39地區之106處木瓜果園，採集罹病果實及根、莖、葉組織，共計分離到278株疫病菌。經鑑定所有菌株均為＂Phytophthora palmivora＂(Butler)Butler，其中屬於A^1配對型的菌株有262株，A^2配對型的僅有16菌株。如果以果園來區分，106個果園中，僅有2處果園完全出現A^2菌株，有101處果園完全出現A^1菌株，有3處果園同時出現A^1與A^2菌株，但A^1菌株為優勢，A^2菌株在各果園僅有1株。如果將木瓜菌株分離的年代區隔成3個不同時段，包括1977-1980（早年）、1988-2000（中年）及2001-2011（近年），則1980年以前分離的13個菌株均為A2配對型；1988–2000年分離的164個菌株中161個菌株均為A^1配對型，僅有3菌株為A^2配對型；2000年以後(2001-2011)分離的101個菌株均為A^1配對型。資料顯示，A^1菌株為目前台灣木瓜園內的絕對優勢種。

關鍵字

木瓜 ； 疫病菌 ； 配對型

並列摘要

From 1977 to 2011, a total of 278 ＂Phytophthora＂ isolates were obtained from papaya diseased tissues, including fruit, roots, and young seedlings, which were collected from 106 papaya orchards located at 39 sites (districts, townships or cities) of 13 counties/cities. All isolates were identified as ＂Phytophthora palmivora＂ (Butler) Butler, of which 262 isolates were A^1 mating type and only 16 isolates were A^2 mating type. Isolates from 101 of 106 orchards were all of the A^1 mating type, while isolates from 2 orchards were all A^2 mating type. Isolates from the other three orchards contained both A^1 and A^2 mating types, but A^1 was dominant. Only one A^2 was found in each of the 3 orchards. All 13 isolates obtained before 1980 were A^2 mating type. Of the 164 isolates obtained during the periods from 1988 to 2000, 161 were A^1 mating type and only 3 were A^2 mating type. The 101 isolates obtained after 2000 (2001–2011) were all A^1 mating type. These results indicate that A^1 mating type of ＂P. palmivora＂ is currently the dominant ＂Phytophthora＂ pathogen in papaya orchards in Taiwan.

並列關鍵字

Papaya ； ＂Phytophthora palmivora＂ ； Mating type