透氣處理對香蕉組織培養苗生長、馴化與氣孔發育之影響

Effect of Ventilation on Growth Parameters, Acclimation and Stomatal Development in Micropropagated Banana Plantlets

陳涵葳(Han-Wei Chen) ； 吳明哲(Min-Tze Wu) ； 陳威臣(Uei-Chern Chen)

《台灣農業研究》 64卷4期 (2015/12) Pp. 243-252

https://doi.org/10.6156/JTAR/2015.06404.01

摘要

香蕉組培苗需要馴化後才能適應外界環境。在本試驗中組培瓶封口方式改以不織布材質取代鋁箔，以增加瓶內頂部空間的透氣效率，4種透氣處理分別為：不透氣6 wk（hermetically sealed for 6 weeks; S6V0）、不透氣4 wk後透氣2 wk（4 weeks sealed followed by 2 weeks ventilation; S4V2）、不透氣2 wk後透氣4 wk（2 weekssealed followed by 4 weeks ventilation; S2V4）及透氣6 wk（ventilation for 6 weeks; S0V6）。在S4V2、S2V4與S0V6處理下，瓶內乙烯累積低於偵測極限，而完全密封之S6V0處理可測得高濃度乙烯累積（203.3 nL L-1），且S6V0處理之小植株具有較多的不定根。S2V4與S0V6透氣處理之小植株其氣孔指數較完全密封處理者為高，氣孔密度亦隨透氣處理週數增加而提高。S6V0與S4V2處理下的離體葉片氣孔可見永久開啟特徵，其氣孔閉合率分別為6.67%與26.64%。香蕉組織培養苗成活的關鍵在於控制水分散失，因此瓶苗氣孔功能相當重要。在本試驗中透氣處理後組培瓶內無乙烯累積，且組培苗之氣孔功能正常、壯苗指數也比較完全密封處理為佳。本試驗之結果顯示，透氣處理對香蕉組培苗商業生產有正面助益。

關鍵字

透氣 ； 香蕉組織培養 ； 氣孔指數

並列摘要

Micropropagated banana (＂Musa＂ spp. 'Formosa') requires discret management to acclimatize to the external environment. In this study, aluminum foil was replaced by non-woven fabric to improve ventilation efficiency of culture vessel headspace air condition. Different ventilation treatments of culture vessel were investigated, including hermetically sealed for 6 weeks (S6V0), 4 weeks sealed followed by 2 weeks ventilation (S4V2), 2 weeks sealed followed by 4 weeks ventilation (S2V4), and ventilation for 6 weeks (S0V6). No ethylene accumulation was detected in S4V2, S2V4, and S0V6 treatments; however, high ethylene level (203.3 nL L-1) under airtight vessels of S6V0 was noticed and promoted adventitious root formation on banana plantlets. The stomatal index in S2V4 and S0V6 seedlings was significantly higher than plantlets subjected to the airtight condition, and stomatal densities increased with increasing duration of ventilation. Permanently widely-open stomata in detached leaves were noticed in the S6V0 and S4V2 seedling, the stomatal closure rate were 6.67% and 26.64% respectively. Since the survival of tissue cultured banana plantlets may depend largely on the prevention of water loss, factors that enhance the stomatal functionality of in vitro seedling are important. Ventilation treatments in this study showed no ethylene accumulation, in which seedling performed normal stomatal response and better vigor index value than airtight cultivation vessels. The results would be useful for industrial production of ＂in vitro＂ banana seedlings.

並列關鍵字

Ventilation ； Banana tissue-culture ； Stomatal index