番椒微斑病毒（Pepper mild mottle virus）田間發生與器械消毒管理

Investigation of Pepper mild mottle virus on Peppers and the Disinfection of Cutting Tools in Taiwan

曹麗玉(Li-Yu Tsao)

《台灣農業研究》 67卷4期 (2018/12) Pp. 347-354

https://doi.org/10.6156/JTAR.201812_67(4).0003

摘要

應用間接酵素連結免疫分析法（indirect enzyme-link immunosorbent assay; ELISA）進行9種不同病毒：番椒黃化病毒（Capsicum chlorosis virus; CaCV）、辣椒葉脈斑駁病毒（Chilli veinal mottle virus; ChiVMV）、胡瓜嵌紋病毒（Cucumber mosaic virus; CMV）、番椒葉脈斑駁病毒 （Pepper veinal mottle virus; PVMV）、番椒微斑病毒（Pepper mild mottle virus; PMMoV）、馬鈴薯Y病毒（Potato virus Y; PVY）、番茄斑萎病毒（Tomato spotted wilt virus; TSWV）、煙草嵌紋病毒（Tobacco mosaic virus; TMV）、番茄嵌紋病毒（Tomato mosaic virus; ToMV）的血清學檢測，定期調查高雄、屏東地區之甜椒簡易網室設施及露天栽培園之嵌紋型病毒病害發生種類。結果顯示，簡易網室及露天栽培之甜椒均以PVMY、ChiVMV、PVY及PMMoV 4種病毒感染為主，而露天栽培園之病毒感染情形明顯較簡易網室栽培嚴重。病毒複合感染對於植株造成的病徵比單一病毒感染之病徵嚴重，單獨感染多出現輕微的斑駁嵌紋，複合感染易造成葉片及果實嚴重畸型，造成植株矮化及生長停滯。PMMoV可經由種子傳播，以種子直接研磨及種子直播穴盤可測出種子之病毒帶毒率。目前已檢測20 批甜椒種子的帶毒率，其中綠色甜椒「群星」、「藍星」及彩色甜椒「北極星」各一批號測得PMMoV感染，病毒感染率分別為13、18及17%。將人工汙染PMMoV病種子置於細網袋（100 粒/袋），分別以12.5、15及20%的磷酸三鈉溶液浸泡10 min、20 min、30 min後，以活水沖洗約60 min，以1%次氯酸鈉去除種子表面雜菌，置於濕濾紙上使之萌芽，調查種苗發芽率及病毒帶毒率。其中，以12.5%磷酸三鈉溶液處理30 min（病毒帶毒率5%）、15%磷酸三鈉溶液處理30 min（病毒帶毒率3%）及20%磷酸三鈉溶液處理20 min（病毒帶毒率5%）之去病毒能力最好。大部分病毒可經由機械方式感染其他植株，在器械消毒試驗方面，以5%次氯酸鈉及0.5%次氯酸鈉在3次試驗中的去毒效果均可達95%以上，20%脫脂奶粉去毒效果次之。

關鍵字

番椒微斑病毒 ； 器械消毒 ； 種子消毒

並列摘要

Pepper samples showed virus-like symptoms were collected from Kaohsiung and Pintung areas for virus detection by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (indirect-ELISA) using antisera specific to nine viruses- Capsicum chlorosis virus (CaCV), Chilli veinal mottle virus (ChiVMV), Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), Pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV), Pepper veinal mottle virus (PVMV), Potato virus Y (PVY), Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), Tomato mosaic virus (ToMV), and Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV). The results showed that ChiVMV was the most prevalent, followed by PVMV. Most samples detected were mix-infected with ChiVMV and PMMoV. Complex infections were likely to cause severe malformation of leaves and fruits, resulting in dwarfing and growth stagnation. In most cases, the symptoms caused by infections of more than two different viruses were more serious than that infected by a single virus. PMMoV could transmit by seed. Seed disinfection was a critical process in preventing virus spread during propagation and production. To directly address the concern, we estimate the efficacy of different disinfectants for treating virus-contaminated seeds. PMMoV can be transmitted through seeds. Direct seed-grinding and grown-out seedlings could be used to measure the PMMoV infection rate of seeds. PMMoV could be detected in 3 of 20 lots of pepper seeds in the grinding sap by ELISA. The PMMoV infection was measured and the virus infection rates were 13%, 18%, and 17%, respectively. The artificially PMMoV- contaminated seeds were placed in a fine mesh bag (100 bags) and soaked in 12.5%, 15%, and 20% trisodium phosphate solution for 10 min, 20 min, and 30 min, respectively, and then rinsed with running water for about 60 min. 1% sodium hypochlorite was used to remove the bacteria on the surface of the seed and put it on wet filter paper to make it germinate. The virus infection rates of the seedlings were investigated, in which the solution was treated with 12.5% trisodium phosphate solution for 30 min (the virus infection rate was 5%). Treatment with 15% trisodium phosphate solution for 30 min (virus infection rate 3%) and 20% trisodium phosphate solution for 20 min (virus infection rate 5%) had the best ability to remove PMMoV. In terms of equipment disinfection tests, the detoxification effect of 5% sodium hypochlorite and 0.5% sodium hypochlorite in three tests can reach 95% or more, followed by 20% skim milk powder.

並列關鍵字

Pepper mild mottle virus ； Disinfection of cutting tools ； Seed disinfection