檬果壯鋏普癭蚋之天敵Aprostocetus sp.（膜翅目：釉小蜂科）寄生策略及日律活動

Parasitic Strategy and Circadian Rhythm of Aprostocetus sp. (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), a Natural Enemy of Mango Pest Procontarinia robusta (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae)

林聖豐(Sheng-Feng Lin) ； 李奕萱(Yi-Syuan Lee) ； 劉珈琳(Chia-Lin Liu) ； 楊曼妙(Man-Miao Yang) ； 郝秀花(Hsiou-Hua Hao)

《台灣農業研究》 69卷2期 (2020/06) Pp. 147-153

https://doi.org/10.6156/JTAR.202006_69(2).0004

摘要

生物防治被視為具有高度專一性且低環境汙染性的防治方式，特別是對蛀食害蟲、造癭害蟲或危害徵狀不明顯及難以確認危害位置的害蟲。本研究針對檬果壯鋏普癭蚋（Procontarinia robusta Li, Bu & Zhang）之寄生蜂Aprostocetus sp.進行生殖策略、增放試驗、不同顏色黏蟲板吸引測試及日律活動進行試驗，以評估寄生蜂的生物防治效益。結果顯示Aprostocetus sp.（1）雌雄性比為0.72 : 1；（2）具孤雌生殖能力；及（3）人為施放寄生蜂可提高寄生率，顯示此寄生蜂物種可作為良好的防治資材。黃色黏蟲板對寄生蜂的吸引效力高於其他顏色黏蟲板，但若加上模擬蟲癭的黑點，則以淡綠色黏蟲板的吸引力最高。反映Aprostocetus sp.不僅受顏色吸引，亦受蟲癭存在與否影響。日律調查顯示，10-12時及12-14時吸引寄生蜂之數量無顯著差異，然兩者均較8-10時、14-16時及16-18時等三個時段的吸引數量高，推測10-14時為Aprostocetus sp. 主要的寄生時期。本研究建議施用化學藥劑的時機，可避開此時段，大幅降低藥劑防治與天敵防治的效益衝突。

關鍵字

檬果 ； 監測 ； 黏蟲紙 ； 生物天敵 ； 台灣

並列摘要

Biological control is considered as a high specific and low contaminated way to control pests, especially for those preform cryptic symptom or concealed feeding habits, such as borers and gall inducers. In the present study, ovipositional strategy, release experiment, colored sticky-traps and circadian rhythm of parasitic Aprostocetus species are studied to evaluate the effectiveness of biocontrol on mango pest cecidomyiid Procontarinia robusta Li, Bu & Zhang. Our results show that sex ratio (female/male) of Aprostocetus sp. is 0.72, arrhenotoky is one of reproductive mode of Aprostocetus sp., and parasitism could be increased via enemy releasing. It indicated that Aprostocetus sp. may be considered as a good biocontrol agent. The attractiveness of Aprostocetus sp. on yellow sticky paper was higher than on others. However, the attractiveness of Aprostocetus sp. on light green sticky paper was the highest with black spot that mimic the cecidomyiids gall. Results also showed that the attractiveness of Aprostocetus sp. was affected not only by color but also by existence of gall. In circadian rhythm survey, attraction number of Aprostocetus sp. was not significantly different between time in 10:00-12:00 and 12:00-14:00. Nevertheless, attraction numbers of Aprostocetus sp. in these two periods were significantly higher than other three periods, 8:00-10:00, 14:00-16:00 and 16:00-18:00. Based on the results, the major parasitic period of Aprostocetus sp. was in 10:00-14:00 every day. Accordingly, it is recommended to avoid spraying pesticide during this period. As such, the conflict between chemical control and biological control could be substantially reduced.

並列關鍵字

Mangifera indica L. ； Monitoring ； Sticky traps ； Natural enemy ； Taiwan