氣候變遷下的永續農業

綜合從業人數、糧食產值及利用土地面積占比3大因素，農業可謂是全世界最大的產業，為地表眾多物種提供棲息地和食物。當農業得以永續經營管理時，將可以維護糧食生產、生養休息重要棲息地、協助保護水域及改善土壤健康和水質，非永續的農法則將對人類和環境產生嚴重影響。近年來氣候快速變遷情境衍生的地表氣溫上升、降水型態改變、極端天氣強度與頻率增加及海平面上升等4大物理性徵狀，帶給包括農業在內的各產業諸多逆境及天然災害衝擊和龐大財物損失。尤其當前世界人口仍不停地增長，對農產品需求不斷地上升，加上氣候變遷的潛在威脅，作為與世界經濟、人類社會、生態環境深厚聯結的農業，乃成為全球最重要的保護前線之一。本文旨在綜合已發表文獻中有關氣候變遷中如何永續農業的策略與措施，以及若干實務做法，提供達成持續性農業經營管理的資訊，並重點介紹氣候變遷情境下實施永續農業的機會和挑戰。最後，歸納唯有擬定整合社會、環境和經濟3大利益的政策和執行措施，社會大眾和農業關係人才會支持並促進永續的農業系統，也才能在不斷變遷的氣候情境下達到農業的永續。

關鍵字

永續農業；氣候變遷；生態環境；天然資源；農業永續

並列摘要

Concerning the three major factors: the number of people who make a living, the worth of food production, and the proportion of land used, agriculture is the world's largest industry, providing habitat and food for many species on the earth. When agricultural operations are sustainably managed, they can preserve and restore important habitats, help protect watersheds, and improve soil health and water quality. Unsustainable practices will have serious impacts on humans and the environment. In recent years, mounting physical evidence derived from rapid climate changes, including rising surface temperature, changing precipitation patterns, increasing intensity and frequency of extreme weather, and rising sea levels, have brought many adversities and natural disasters to various industries including agriculture. In particular, the current world population is still growing continuously, and the demand for agricultural products is constantly rising. Because of the potential threat of climate change, agriculture, which is deeply connected to the world economy, human society, and the ecological environment, has become the world's most critical protection frontline. This article aims to synthesize the strategies and measures for sustainable agriculture in a changing climate and some practical practices in the published literature to provide information on achieving sustainable agricultural management, and to summarize the opportunities and challenges for implementing sustainable agriculture in the context of climate change. Finally, it is concluded that only by formulating policies and implementation measures that integrate the interests of society, environment, and economy, the public and agricultural stakeholders will support and promote a sustainable agricultural system, and can also lead to agricultural sustainability in the ever-changing climate.

並列關鍵字

Sustainable agriculture ； Climate change ； Ecology and environment ； Natural resources ； Agricultural sustainability

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