不同乾燥方法對油茶籽油品質與其機能成分之影響

Influence of Drying Methods of Camellia Seeds on the Quality and Bioactive Ingredients of the Pressed Oils

李雅琳(Ya-Lin Lee) ； 劉威廷(Wei-Ting Liu) ； 洪子桓(Tzu-Huan Hung) ； 林素月(Su-Yue Lin) ； 何奕漢(Yi-Han Ho) ； 李穎甫(Ying-Fu Lee) ； 張家華(Chia-Hua Chang) ； 陳秋樺(Chiu-Hua Chen) ； 張蓓容(Pei-Jung Chang)

《台灣農業研究》 72卷1期 (2023/03) Pp. 39-48

https://doi.org/10.6156/JTAR.202303_72(1).0004

摘要

本試驗採用台灣原生種短柱山茶（Camellia brevistyla）小果種油茶籽材料，進行日曬、熱風乾燥、室內風扇強對流（簡稱風扇法）等3種乾燥方法去除種子水分，之後經過烘焙並以螺旋式壓榨法製油，分別從油脂品質之酸價、過氧化價分析，機能性成分之總酚含量、維生素E含量分析，以及生理活性以油脂還原力進行評估，並以油脂氧化安定指數（Oil stability index; OSI）作為儲放或烹調過程油脂安定性的科學評估指標。整體分析比較顯示，傳統日曬種子的新鮮油脂品質良好，但是較不耐儲放，熱風法可以有效提升酚類化合物含量，進而提高氧化安定性。風扇法雖然有豐富酚類化合物（高於日曬種子），但是儲放過程之油脂品質快速下降，顯示對抗氧化效果不佳，這可能與其維生素E含量特別低有關。因此，建議可以熱風法取代傳統日曬法，或將油茶籽先以日曬處理，之後再以熱風乾燥縮短時間，如此可兼顧油脂品質與提升儲放過程之氧化安定性。

關鍵字

小果油茶籽 ； 油茶籽乾燥條件 ； 油脂品質 ； 機能性成分 ； 油脂氧化安定性

並列摘要

The seeds of Camellia brevistyla, an indigenous Taiwanese camellia tree, were collected for the study of three different drying methods, including sun drying, hot air and air fan indoor to reduce moisture. The resulting seeds were roasted and then screw pressed to produce oils. The oil quality was monitored with acid value and peroxide value analyses, the bioactive ingredients with total phenolics and vitamin E content analyses, and the bioactivity with reducing power evaluation. The oil stability index (OSI) was determined to evaluate the storage and cooking stability. Summarily, the fresh oil made of sun drying seeds possessed the highest quality. However, its storage stability was lower than the hot air dried seeds' oil. The hot air treatment effectively increased the total phenolics and elevated the oil storage stability. Nevertheless, air fan indoor drying method could have higher total phenolics than the sun drying seeds, but its oil quality declined rapidly during the storage period; it was probably related to the low content of vitamin E. This study suggests that the hot air drying method could replace the traditional sun drying method, or the sun drying treatment prior to the hot air drying which could shorten the drying time and provide both good oil quality and better oxidation stability.

並列關鍵字

Camellia brevistyla seed ； Oil seed drying method ； Oil quality ； Bioactive ingredients ； Oil oxidative stability