Maternity and Mourning with Queenship in Shakespeare’s ＂Henry VI＂

在《亨利六世》（Henry VI trilogy）三部劇中，莎翁描繪亨利五世英年早逝後，英國淪於哀悼之國境，以警示君權統治危機與國家主權變動更迭之問題。本文探討莎劇重塑歷史之改編觀點及其劇中對女性權力之評斷，主要論證闡述劇中架構女性權威（female authority），成為重新檢視英國光榮歷史之對等權力。亨利六世之后瑪格萊特（Queen Margaret）為橫跨《亨利六世》至《理查三世》等四部莎劇之重要角色，莎翁融合異國身分與男子氣概，突顯其身分認同之複雜性。在權力關係上，更是結合母職與后權，來探討女性權威之運作與限制。在長篇劇情推演中，莎翁同時演現瑪格萊特后權發展與歷史政治結構轉變之關聯。本文首先由典據文本記載觀點，爬梳莎翁形塑瑪格萊特后權之文化脈絡，並比對莎劇之沿襲與評判。論述接續探討后權與男性權力結構之聯結，並從而觀察母職與后權結合所造成其子繼承權之變異。文章最後剖析，此劇對父系君權正統來源想像之架構，與其導致瑪格萊特於執行后權與保有母職美德之間，所造成雙重角色落失之現象。無論是演繹國家權力正統性，或是書寫歷史政治中之顛覆力量，莎劇在重建歷史情節之過程中，重新打造女性反歷史之發聲與定位。而劇作家在其商業劇場中，演現對當代性別政治之反思，成就了瑪格萊特后權之獨特藝術性。

關鍵字

莎士比亞；《亨利六世》；哀悼；母職；后權

並列摘要

In Shakespeare's trilogy ”Henry VI”, the kingdom is gendered as feminine in order to mourn, or rather, to warn of, the loss of ”this England” as a strong and unified authority. This paper explores the rationale in Shakespeare's reworking of historical and cultural texts. The study focuses on how Margaret's queenship in Shakespeare's ”Henry VI” disrupts the development of English kingship and endangers the existing Lancastrian rule. My research investigates female authority as represented in the maternal nature ascribed to Margaret in the playwright's historiographical plot. This paper states that Margaret, with her foreignness and manliness, manifests non-English authority It argues that this clashes with Henry V's masculine glory. My discussion further examines the significance of Margaret's maternal experience, to which Shakespeare harnesses political relevance, in relation to the play's task of honoring her son, Prince Edward, in sustaining the name of Henry V in the patrilineal power heritage. The capacity found in Shakespeare's plays is not limited to celebrating the order and legitimacy of the history nor in imposing the fear of subversion and dissent, but moves beyond to value the female voice of the ”anti-historians.” The art of Margaret's queenship thus bridges the tastes of the commercial theatre with the playwright's contextualization of the gender politics in English history.

並列關鍵字

Shakespeare ； "Henry VI" ； mourning ； maternity ； queenship

參考文獻

Barber, C. L. and Richard P. Wheeler. The Whole Journey: Shakespeare's Power of Development. Berkeley: U of California P, 1986. Print.

Berry, Philippa. Shakespeare's Feminine Endings: Disfiguring Death in the Tragedies. London: Routledge, 1999. Print.

Bullough, Geoffrey, ed. Narrative and Dramatic Sources of Shakespeare. Vol. 3. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1960. Print.

Campbell, Lily B., ed. The Mirror for Magistrates. 1938. New York: Masterson, 2007. Print.

Hodgdon, Barbara. The End Crowns All: Closure and Contradiction in Shakespeare's History. Princeton: Princeton UP, 1991. Print.

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Maternity and Mourning with Queenship in Shakespeare’s ＂Henry VI＂

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