De/valorization of Platonic Love in Petronius' Satyricon: Desire, Declamation, and Dominion

試論佩托尼斯《色蹄利坑》中的柏拉圖式愛情：羅馬治理與修辭演說練習

Jen-chieh Tsai

《Tamkang Review》 48卷2期 (2018/06) Pp. 91-107

https://doi.org/10.6184/TKR201806-5

摘要

To disprove Foucault's argument that the early Roman empire comes to belittle pederasty and valorize heterosexual marriage, Daniel B. McGlathery points out that this argument has been contextualized within and confined to philosophical and medical works. For instance, regarding texts that do foreground pederasty in the early Roman empire, such as those by Roman novelists Petronius and Apuleius, McGlathery relates that Foucault sees them as being simply odd. In particular, McGlathery analyzes the Pergamene boy's story in Petronius' Satyricon to demonstrate that this Roman parody of Platonic love does not devalue pederasty in itself; it exposes instead the hypocrisy of this love. However, McGlathery's criticism is sustained only if the current text of the novel is all that it was back then when Petronius presented it to his Roman readers. To check such a comment, this paper would like to explore whether pederasty is valorized by juxtaposing the Pergamene boy's story and the declamation scene in the opening chapter of the present Satyricon. This exploration will proceed based on such juxtaposition-since, if one finds no narrative framework in the novel, it might be valid to resort to the societal structure in which it was written. This structure is the practice of rhetoric, one major signature of the Roman culture and which is prominently figured in the form of declamation in the opening of the novel. In the end, one sees that McGlathery's facile success against Foucault requires modification. The Satyricon, with its inset declamation scene, implies the need to reconsider homoerotics, which does not necessarily mean to disparage pederastic practice.

關鍵字

declamation ； rhetoric ； Satyricon ； Platonic love ； the Pergamene boy

並列摘要

學者McGlathery指出，在傅柯的論述裡，早期的羅馬帝國轉而關注異性婚姻連結、並較少著墨同性之愛的看法，其實是侷限於哲學及醫學文本的解讀。例如，針對小說家如佩托尼斯及阿帕雷斯的同性愛書寫，傅柯認為他們僅是個案，不影響前述所提到的轉向。McGlathery進一步分析了佩托尼斯《色蹄利坑》中的佩家盟男孩的故事，說明該小說並非貶抑同性愛，而是突顯其現實面，以及人性中真實存在的偽善。然而，McGlathery觀點的基礎實不穩固，因為現今《色蹄利坑》的版本並不完整，尚有部分付之闕如，而難以確認佩托尼斯是否在整體上有一致性的敘述。因此，本文希望另闢蹊徑，透過並置、分析小說一開始的演說練習場景與佩家盟男孩的故事，來檢視McGlathery的觀點。原因在於，如果小說本身無可辨識的架構，則或可透過其誕生的社會結構去推論文本可能的含意。此處的結構指的是羅馬文化標誌之一－修辭，具體而微的以「演說練習」(declamation)的面貌出現在現存版本的開頭。最後可看出，有鑑於「演說練習」的象徵意涵，《色蹄利坑》彰顯的，有可能是有必要重新建立同性情愛倫理，但此無關於歌頌式貶抑同性之愛。

並列關鍵字

演說練習 ； 修辭 ； 《色蹄利坑》 ； 柏拉圖式愛情 ； 佩家盟男孩

參考文獻

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