苏轼《赤壁赋》的创新诠释

An Innovative Interpretation of Su Shi's Rhapsody on the Red Cliff

张高评(Chang Kao-Ping)

《华文学刊》 37期 (2021/06) Pp. 3-24

摘要

苏轼谪迁黄州期间，创作了许多文学经典名篇，《赤壁赋》为其中之一。就体式而言，《赤壁赋》薪传先秦两汉辞赋传统，传承了如假设问对、铺陈错彩、排比衬映、韵散相间、托物设喻、卒章显志的修辞手法，又进而追新求变，借镜、移植、稼接、吸纳散行的古文特质与技法，于是形成以文为赋之风格。或疑东坡赤壁，非三国古战场，此犹雪中芭蕉，得心应手，造理入神，所见在牝牡骊黄之外。苏轼幼承庭训，言必中当世之过，其学以儒学为底蕴，会通《老子》《庄子》、佛、禅而一之。由《赤壁赋》观之，《老子》《庄子》《楞严经》《物不迁论》，皆有所体现。苏轼手书《赤壁赋》，台北故宫藏本作“而吾与子之所共食”，正是《大威德陀罗尼经》“色是眼食，声为耳食”的发挥。总之，无论文体之新奇组合，或哲理之融合会通，多出于创造性思维。《赤壁赋》所以独到、创新、卓越，或由于此。

關鍵字

《赤壁赋》 ； 破体 ； 出位 ； 创新 ； 诠释 ； 苏轼

並列摘要

After his demotion to Huangzhou, Su Shi produced many literary masterpieces. The Rhapsody on the Red Cliff is an outstanding example. It inherited many of the stylistic traditions of rhapsodies from the Pre-Qin and Han eras, including quasi-dialogue, enumerative cataloguing of ideas or images, parallel constructions, admixture of rhymed and prose expressions, use of objects as metaphors, and concluding with moral or philosophical pronouncements. It also broke new grounds by borrowing, transplanting, grafting and absorbing the characteristics and stylistic devices of the ancient prose, and by thus ＂making rhapsody out of prose＂, gave birth to a new style. The ＂Red Cliff＂ that Su Shi visited might not have been the site of the eponymous battle in the Three Kingdoms era. The rhapsody, then, would be akin to an artistic allegory in the tradition of ＂banana trees in the snow＂ that deftly expresses a realm of meaning beyond the plain words on the page. Influenced by his father, Su Shi believed deeply that literature must reflect the ills of contemporary society. His scholarship was grounded in Confucianism, while integrating his consummate knowledge of the Laozi, Zhuangzi, and Buddhism (including Chan Buddhism). Elements of the Laozi, Zhuangzi, Surangama Sutra, and On the Immutability of Things can all be traced in the Rhapsody on the Red Cliff. A handwritten copy of the Rhapsody by Su Shi himself, now housed in the Palace Museum in Taipei, carries the line ＂the wonders of nature are for the nourishment of you and I＂, which is an expansion of the expression ＂form is nourishment for the eyes, sound is nourishment for the ears＂ in the Mahatejas Dharani Sutra. In short, much of the novel combination of stylistic devices and its integration of different philosophies in this rhapsody originated from the poet's creative thinking, which may be the source of the innovative originality of this literary masterpiece.

並列關鍵字

Rhapsody on the Red Cliff ； stylistic deviation ； Anders-streben ； innovation ； interpretation ； Su Shi