變遷社會中母子關係調適之研究一職業婦女與家庭主婦之比較

A Study of the Adjustment between Mother-child Relationship in the Changing Society-A Comparative Study between Working Mothers & Non-Working Mothers

高淑貴 ； 鄭美蓮 ； 高彩雲

《農業推廣學報》 6期 (1982/10) Pp. 141-192

https://doi.org/10.29788/RAES.198210.0004

摘要

婦女出外工作，利多、抑或弊多，是一個見仁見智的論題。由於就業的緣故，減少了在家中的時間，是否會影響到家人關係之調適，素為各方所關切。社會學者、教育學者、心理學者與家政學者，均曾對此問題做了不少相關之研究與討論。社會學家波沙德（Bossard）曾描述職業婦女與其子女間的關係：母親體力透支，孩子感覺寂寞。子女缺乏管教，經驗無法共享。無微不至的照顧，消失於無形。教養與訓練的工作，無法兼顧。被忽視的情緒，表現在反社會行為之上。這些，說明了職業婦女需扮演母親、妻子、主婦與就業者多重角色之困難。到底職業婦女是否真如一般所論，給家庭帶來許多困擾？本研究將集中在母子關係之調適上，做深入的研究分析，以期分辨家庭主婦之母子關係，較之於職業婦女之母子關係，是否有明顯之差異，其差異如何，若無明顯之差異，其原因如何?

並列摘要

As the number of married women holding full-time-out-of-home employment is rapidly increasing and the two-income nuclear family is becoming a widely accepted pattern. There cannot but be such questions and concerns as to whether or not the mother's full-time-out-of-home employment would seriously interfere with or even jeopardize the relationship between mother and her child and that in anticipation of the interference if any effective and satisfactory re adjustments can be made and have been made. The chief purpose of this study is to search for the answers to these questions, with special emphasis on answers to the second question.Steps taken to conduct this study are to be briefly stated as follows. First, the population, or the samples, in the study consisted of pupils of the second grade of junior high schools, and their mothers were selected. Secondly, the full-time-out-of- home working mothers and the full-time-home-making mothers were identified. Thirdly, one of the first kind of mother and one of the second kind were put together to make a pair of mothers. The two children of the two mothers in the pair were also put together to make a pair of children. Thus the pair of mothers and the pair of children were linked together to be called a double pair. The pair of mothers were of the same age, the same level of education and the same type of family.After pretest the revised questionnaires were conducted. Data for student samples were collected by administrated survey, and mother samples collected by interview survey during December 1980 to February 1981. The total number of valid questionnaires for four kinds of people was 1,032,258 for each kind.As soon as the primary data had been collected and processed, analytical work was undertaken by four stages. In the first stage we used frequency and percentage to compare the variations between the two different kinds of mothers, between the mother's boys and girls and between mothers and children. In the second stage Chi-square and Gamma were used to determine the working mother's work advantages, reason of refusing to work for non-working mothers, and factors responsible for the need of making readjustments in the mother-child relationships. In the third stage, we tried first to control certain variables and then to analyze and make comparison in order to see if the difference of gaining scores in the readjustment of mother-child relationship is due to the working mothers' work. And finally Simple Correlation and Stepwise Regression Analysis were used to see how the various factors cast their influences upon the readjustment of the mother-child relationship.Our study discovered that there are differences in the contents of the readjustments made by t he two kinds of mothers, by the two kinds of childrens as well as by the two kinds of mother-child relationships. And that the chief reasons accountable for these differences are the degrees of harmony and mutual understanding or frequent communicaiton between mother and children. How far their points of view concerning important matters are falling apart is also responsible for good or bad mother-child relationship.In selecting and taking up a full-time-out-of-home employment, if the working woman pays more attention to the nature and working hours of the job and gives concern over her children whenever there is an intermission in the on going work she tends to have a better adjustment in the mother-child relationship. In addition, if the working mother's husband and children at home would be willing to give her at the right time the so much needed assistance, the mother's out side employment may well turn out to be an advantage to the whole family, instead of being a factor deteriorating the mother-child relationship. In other words, the working mother's full-time-out-of-home employment may not necessarily be a great threat to the mother-child relationship.