921鄉村區住宅重建之探討

An Exploration into the Efficacy of Post-Earthquake Housing Reconstruction Policy

蔡培慧(Pei-Hui Tsai)

《農業推廣學報》 23期 (2007/07) Pp. 37-53

https://doi.org/10.29788/RAES.200707.0003

摘要

本文分析重建現實，意圖探究為什麼「商品化住宅無法回應921鄉村區災後重建需求」。首先介紹震損與受災概況、受災戶資格認定與後續重建結果。次而，討論住宅究竟是商品還是生活必需品，以說明住宅商品化與社會化的歷程，並討論震後重建正式住宅與非正式住宅的差異。研究結果指出：災後住宅重建政策必需考量災區社會發展階段的落差，並理解在不完備的住宅市場中，以金融機構的「核貸資格」取代實際「受災戶身份」，藉以提供「優惠貸款」重建商品化住宅的單一政策實際上無法解決重建問題。就政策思維而言，未能考量住宅的交換價值與使用價值，重建政策雖滿足財產權卻未能顧及居住權，此種國家法權形式的單一性侷限，亦造成住宅重建政策的侷限，導致高達30.6%的受災戶未能完成重建。

關鍵字

921地震 ； 住宅重建政策 ； 住宅社會化 ； 住宅商品化

並列摘要

This paper aims to represent the social reality in 921 earthquake reconstruction areas through inquiring why the commodified housing assistance could not meet the needs of victims in rural disaster areas. I first describe the damage of the 921 earthquake, the qualification of victims, and the progress in the implementation of post-earthquake reconstruction programs. Next, to explore whether the nature of house is a commodity or a life necessity, I delineate the processes of housing commodification and housing socialization separately and compare the differences between formal and informal housing settlements. The research findings indicate that it is necessary for policy makers to understand the existence and reasons behind barriers to development in rural disaster areas. The ultimate reconstruction goal could hardly be accomplished merely relying on only one policy like soft loan because, in an insufficient housing market, most commercial banks pretend to lend money to someone based on his/her approved qualification instead of victim status. In terms of policy formation, without considering the exchange value and use value of house simultaneously, the post-earthquake reconstruction policy could only meet the property right of victims but not the right of dwelling. In conclusion, the incompletion of the post-earthquake housing reconstruction policy was associated closely with the unique restriction of the state legal form, which has results in 30.6% of victims who were unable to rebuild their own houses.

並列關鍵字

921 Earthquake ； Housing Reconstruction Policy ； Housing Socialization ； Housing Commodification