國家公園私有土地使用限制與損失補償之研究

The Study on the Using Limitation and Loss Compensation of National Park Private Land

蔡巧蓮(Chiao-Lian Tsai) ； 蕭崑杉(Kun-Sun Shiao)

《農業推廣學報》 30期 (2013/07) Pp. 28-62

https://doi.org/10.29788/RAES.201307_(30).0002

摘要

我國土地使用管制體系，是循著都市計畫、區域計畫及國家公園計畫，逐步建立完成，於國家公園設立前，其範圍內大部分土地已依都市計畫法及區域計畫法，公告劃定其使用分區與編定用地別，以致於產生法令競合問題，並影響園區私有土地所有權人權益，爰本研究之目的為透過檢視現行國家公園法及國家公園計畫對私有土地使用限制之補償手段，建立損失賠償制度之基礎。本研究以財產權保障之觀點，檢視國家公園法是否合憲法第15、23條對於基本權利限制的要求（即法律保留原則、比例原則），並以財產權徵收補償理論進行釐整研析，結果發現目前政策尚無針對國家公園私有土地之使用權受限之損失補償機制，亦無對價補償之概念，因此目前土地所有權人所受損失補償不相當、不合適狀態。最後提出建議，對於該土地所有權人之其損失補償機制除目前執行之徵收補償及補貼措施外，提出補償制度（土地儲備制、地役權、移轉發展權、環境信託）、配套資金運用（引入不動產證券化、基金及募款）及管理組織（共管團體），政府應妥以規劃損失賠償制度，以營造有利夥伴關係，以永續經營。

關鍵字

財產權保障 ； 社會義務 ； 徵收補償 ； 可移轉發展權 ； 國民環境信託

並列摘要

In Taiwan, land-use control system is gradually established according to the urban planning, regional planning and national park plan. Prior to the establishment of the national parks, most of the land use partitions in theirs range were delimited by the Urban Planning Act and the Regional Planning Act. The competition between regulations undoubtedly damages land owners' right. Therefore, this study is proposed to examine the compensation mechanism on private lands through the limitation of land use in National Park Act and national park plans. It is expected to build a basis to a legal compensation system.Based on the protection of property rights, this study reviewed National Park Act to check if it matches the articles 15 and 23 of Constitution (that is, the principle of power reservation and the principle of proportionality). And then the theories of property rights and compensation were applied to analyze the relative regulations. The main findings are including the lacking of compensation mechanism on limited private land use and the weak consideration of compensation. These defects lead to the unfair and unsuitable compensation for private land owners. Finally, the suggestions are provided that besides the current compensation regulation, to provide more compensation systems such as land reservation system, easement, transfer of development rights, environment trust; fund utilization such as introducing real estate securitization、fund and fund raising, and management organization such as co-regulation. Government should properly plan a compensation system in order to maintain good relationships and sustainable management with private land owners.

並列關鍵字

protection of property rights ； social responsibilities ； compensation ； transferable development rights ； environmental trust