東部地區稻田殺草劑使用概況

Herbicide Application and Problems in paddy Field of the Eastern Region

蘇昌吉(C. C. Su)

《中華民國雜草學會會刊》 3卷1期 (1982/06) Pp. 81-88

https://doi.org/10.6274/WSSROC-1982-003(1)-081

摘要

東部地區包括花蓮及臺東兩縣，七十年第二期作種稻面積共有21,991公頃，其中移植稻田佔18,544公頃，直播稻田3,447公頃，殺草劑使用面積佔水稻種植面積的97.9%，移植稻田的使用率為97.5%，直播稻田則已全面使用殺草劑防除田間雜草，使用的殺草劑以5%丁基拉草粒劑為主，佔殺草劑施用面積69.4%（移植田71.3%，直播田60.7%），13%殺滅丹粒劑佔7.3%(移植田8.5%，直播田1.9%)居次，另在花蓮境內直播稻田以施用50%殺丹乳劑及35%除草寧乳劑者亦多，各佔該縣施用面積26.6%及19.7%。目前推廣上的問題有：(1)殺草劑的廠牌多，名稱混亂，選用困難，有待統一，(2)經長期施用類似殺草劑後無法控制的雜草如螢藺、Kuroguwai、野茨菰、瓜皮草及鴨舌草等的增加，(3)有關使用殺草劑與土壤、溫度、灌溉水管理及水稻等關係的基本研究有待加強、(4)直播稻田雜草容易滋生，使用殺草劑防除雜草的效果不如移植稻田，(5)隨著殺草劑使用條件及環境的改變下，對於殺草力強，易引起藥害的殺草劑如DCPA、2.4-D、MCPA、simetrine等使用價值的估量等問題，均有待研討改進，以建立安全經濟的防除方法供為推廣上之依據。

並列摘要

In 1981 the total cultivated hectage of the second rice crop in the eastern region (which includes Hualien and Taitung counties) was 21,991 ha. The hectage of transplanted fields and direct seeded fields was 18,544 ha and 3,447 ha, respectively. About 97.5 per cent heatage use herbicides to control weeds in the transplanted fields and in all the direct seeded fields. The most widely used chemical is 5 % Machete G covering 69.4 per cent of the hectage in total (71.3 per cent in transplanted and 60.7 per cent in direct seeded. Next was 13% Saturn M, G with 7.3 per cent (8.5 per cent in transplanted and 1.9 per cent in direct seeded). In Hualien area, application with 50% Saturn EC. and 35% Starn F 34 EC. were also popular in direct seeded fields with hectages occupied 26.6 per cent and 19.7 per cent, respectively. Although herbicides were used so widely in these areas, still some problems remain, which should be studied and sought out for more safe and effective methods of controlling weeds on extension. These are 1) Farmers are confused by the numerous names and trade marks of herbicides, 2) Weeds such as bulrush, kuroguwai, arrowhead, Sagittaria pygmea, monochoria, etc, which are hard to cortrol are increasing, when the same or similar chemicals are applied for a long time, 3) There should be more research into the relationship of applied herbicides with soil, temperature, irrigation management and rice, 4) In the direct seeded fields, weeds grow easily, and there is less efficacy to weeding by herbicides than in transplanted fields, 5) to estimate the practical value of herbicides such as DCPA, 2,4-D, MCPA, simetrine, etc, which are applied under varying conditions and in varying environments, although they still have good efficiency for weeding but easily cause chemical injury.