水土保持植生的土壤肥料管理

楊秋忠(C. C. Young)

《中華民國雜草學會會刊》 12卷1期 (1991/02) Pp. 54-58

https://doi.org/10.6274/WSSROC-1991-012(1)-054

摘要

坡地水土保持植生的土壤管理，由於地形的特徵，與平坦的農田管理的重點不盡相同，坡地土壤的開墾種植要比一般平地更需要具備正確的開發觀念，否則，坡地的不當開墾、種植、管理將帶來許多的後遺症。台灣位於亞熱帶地區，年平均的溫高及雨量大，這種天然環境下的坡地土壤管理更需加強重視。當坡地水土保持植生未建立前或採用“剃光頭”種植，常見在一場大雨下即造成大量土壤流失之嚴重問題，尤其坡地葨業施用速效化學及有機肥料，所引起的肥料流失也將造成河川、水庫及水源的污染，因此需要重視坡地土壤及肥料管理，發揮良好的水土保持植生狀況，才為治本之道。為確保良好的水土保持植生狀況，土壤及肥料管理需加強改善土壤對植生不利的“限制因子”，包括改善不利的土壤物理、化學及生物因子，尤其需加強土壤團粒穩定度、酸鹼度、營養、土壤生物的條件的管理，加上正確的施肥及肥培管理，從正確的施肥量、施肥方法及施肥時期著手，重視緩效性肥料、滴灌、深施、及微生物之應用，也需要從長期地力維持的觀點下實施，以便發揮長期水土保持植生之功效。

並列摘要

Soil management of slopeland for plant growth is different from lower lands. Correct developments and concepts are necessary for slopeland management. Otherwise, incorrect development, planting and management will get many problems. Particularly, Taiwan is located in subtropical area with high temperature and rainfall. Before setting of the soil and water conservation treatment, soil errosion is big problem in the slopeland. Particularly, the utilization of fast decomposed organic matter and chemical fertilizers caused the polution of river, dam, and water reservoir. Therefore, the protection and good managemint of plantation is important to soil and water conservation. For the soil and water conservation, the improvement for the soil limiting factors is basal way to modify soil physical, chemical and biological factors, particularly to improve soil aggregation stability, pH, mutrient status, and soil biological problems. Correct fertilization in amounts and methods of fertilizers need to be considered. Applications of slow-release fertilizers, drop irrigation, deep application, and microbials also need to use for maintaining long term purposes in soil fertility.