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  • 期刊

坡地水土保持應用植物習性與適應性之研究

摘要


本研究在針對本土性水土保持植物材料中禾本科、豆科及其它科草類之生物習性及適應之環境加以環境加以調查研究。於本省南部之具有實用價值之水保植材,禾本科計有Brachiaria subguadripara(四生臂形草),Chrysopogon aciculatus(竹節草)、Cynodon dactylon(狗牙根)、Cynodon plectstachyas(星草)、Digitarial ongiflore(長花馬唐)、Eremochloa ophiuroides(假儉草)、Panicum repens(舖地黍)、Paspalum conjugatum(兩耳草)、Paspalum ditichum(雙穗雀稗)、Paspalum vaginatum(海雀稗)、Thuareainroluta(奧古斯丁草)及Zoysia matrella (馬尼拉草)等12種,多分布在中低海技之淺山坡地,適應性廣。在一般砂、壤或粘質土地上均可栽植。而豆科則計有Alysicapus nummuiarifolius(山土豆)、Canavalialineata(濱刀豆)Cantharosperum scarabaeoides(蟲豆)、Centrosemapubesens(山珠豆)、Clitoria ternatea(蝶豆)、Desmodium triflorum(蠅翼草)、Galactia formosana(台灣乳豆)、Neonotorea wightii(野生大豆)、Pueraria phaseolodies(熱帶葛藤)、Pueraria tonkinensis(台灣葛藤)、Rhynchosia minima(小葉括根)及濱豇豆(Vigna marina)共有12種,也多分布在中低海拔之坡地上,具有護坡功能,亦多用種子繁殖。除禾本科及豆科外,其它科植材具潛力者有滿天星、長梗滿天星、地棠草、馬蹄金、鱧腸、紅乳草、天胡荽、馬鞍藤、竹仔菜、紫花酢漿草、酢漿草、四辨馬齒莧、過江藤、車前草、火炭母草、蟛蜞菊及鴨跖草等。其中,蟛蜞菊早已廣被栽培利用。其他之種各因環境不同,可依其適應環境加以栽培利用,省時省力,更易成功。

關鍵字

水土保持 植物材料 習性 適應性

並列摘要


In southan area of Taiwan, there are many good soil and water conservation plants. In graminease, such as Brachiaria subquadripara、Chrysopogon aciculatus、Cynodon dactylon、Cynodon plectostachyas、Digitaria longiflora、Eremochloa ophiuroide、Panicum repens、Paspalum conjugatum、Paspalum ditichum、paspalum vaginatum、Thuarea involuta and Zoysia matrella, which have wide adaptabilities, from high to low slope land, acid or alkaline land, sand or clay soil, where can be found. There are many legumes i.c. Alysicapus nummuiarifolius、Canavalia lineata、Cantharosperum scarabaeoides、Centrosema pubesens、Clitoria ternatea、Desmodium triflorum、Galactia formosana、Neonotonea wightii、Pueraria phaseolodies、Pueraria tonkinensis、Rhynchosia minima and Vigna marina which can be used as soil and water conservation materials. They also have wide adaptabilities, and can mix growing with other plants.There are many other good local potential water and soil conservation plants, such as: Alternanthera pliloxeroides、A. sessilis、Centella asiatica、Dichondra mierantha, Eclipta prostrata, Euphobia thymifolia, Hydrocoty sibthorpioides, Ipomoes pescaprae, Murdannia keisak, Oxalis corymbosa, O.cornicnlata, Partulaca pilosa, P.oleraoa, Phyla nodifolia, Plantago major, Polygonum chinense, Wedelia chinensis, and Zedrona pendnla. In these plants only Ipomoes pescaprae and Phyla aodifoliaore growing at sea coast. Others grow at wet and slope land.

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