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四種除草劑對柑桔園覆蓋植被之影響

Effects of the Application of Four Herbicides on Cover Vegetation at Citrus Orchard

摘要


臺灣坡地農業之主要栽培作物為果樹,坡地雜草常被認定僅具有負面的影響,而忽略其在水土保持上之功能。近年來坡地果園之雜草防治多依賴殺草劑,對雜草之管理講究經濟、有效,安全性上則考慮對人畜之安全,常忽略了其對生態環境之衝擊。本研究於中寮鄉兩處柑桔園各施用四種殺草劑量(巴拉刈、嘉磷塞、氟氯比及甲基合氯氟),以探究坡地施用殺草劑後,對覆蓋植物及植相之影響。植相調查以覆蓋率表示,並計算樣區間植物之相似性指數,利用群團分析及樹形圖比較各處理間之異同。四種藥劑中以巴拉刈之藥效最快,嘉磷塞次之,二者之防治率達100%;嘉磷塞之藥效最持久,可達3-4個月。藥劑處理後,植相之變化因藥劑而有所差異。試區施藥一年後,嘉磷塞處理區以闊葉鴨舌廣舅佔優勢;巴拉刈處理區之植相與對照組相近。兩次施藥後,嘉磷塞處理區首先長出之植物為扛板歸;巴拉刈處理區則為火炭母草,此種現象值得進一步探討。由本試驗結果看出殺草劑使用後對草相之改變影響頗大,影響情形因藥劑不同而有所差異,利用殺草劑處理來選留天然雜草應可應用於果園覆蓋植物之管理。

並列摘要


Slopeland in Taiwan are commonly used as orchards. Herbicides are economical and effective ways for the weed control at slopelands. Effects of herbicids on slopeland vegetation were studied. The weed mortality and the changes of weed cover following herbicide application were investigated. Two slopeland sites of citrus orchard at Chongliau were chosen as experimental sites. Herbicides tested include paraquat, glyphosate, fluroxypyr and haloxyfop methyl. Both paraquat and glyphosate gained 100% control. Paraquat showed rapid effect but glyphosate showed persistent effect for 3-4 months. One year after application at Chongliau, Spermacoce latifolia became dominant at glyphosate plot. Following the second application, Polygonum perfoliatum appeared at glyphosate plot and Polygonum chinese became dominant at paraquat plot. Based on these studies, weed succession was significantly modified by herbicide application.

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