- 期刊
銀膠菊(Parthenium hysterophorus L.)發芽特性及化學防治
Seed Germination and Chemical Control of Parthenium Weed (Parthenium hysterophorus L.)
摘要
銀膠菊為新興的外來入侵雜草，生長迅速，繁殖力強，大量滋生易形成優勢雜草，造成人類健康及農業、生態上的危害。銀膠菊種子發芽的適宜溫度為12~28℃之間，於20℃時的發芽快且發芽率高。有光照時發芽率可達70%以上；種子在土表面有40%之萌芽率，覆土0.5公分時萌芽率減少50%，覆土1~2公分時幾乎不萌芽。種子的發芽率隨著水分的減少而下降，尤其是滲透壓-0.4~-1.0MPa之間。pH5.5~9之間發芽率差異不大，維持在64~78%。化學藥劑防治，萌前除草劑草脫淨、汰草滅、達有龍、滅草胺、滅必淨和復祿芬，二種劑量施用復對銀膠菊都有96.5%以上的防治效果，丁基拉草、撻乃安和施得圃亦有90%以上的防治效果，但降低至0.75的劑量時防治效果比登記使用劑量差。萌後除草劑固殺草、嘉磷塞、巴拉刈、滅必淨與對照組比較，防治率大於85%，且兩種劑量無顯著差異，本達隆登記使用量可達到89.1%的防治率，百速隆，三氯比和2,4-D約70%左右，但0.75的劑量皆明顯降低。
並列摘要
Parthenium weed is native to the subtropics of North and South America. It is regarded as one of the worst weeds in many countries because its invasiveness, potential for spread, and economic and environmental impacts. In this study, the effects of temperature, pH, osmotic potential and planting depth were determined for parthenium weed under controlled environments. The optimum temperatures for seed germination ranged from 12 to 28 ℃ of parthenium weed. Germination decreased between the water potentials -0.4 to -1.0 MPa, and germinated well between pH 5.5 and 9. Seedling emergence was maximum from soil surface on parthenium weed, no emerged seedling was observed buried beyond 1cm. We tested normal field used rate (x) and reduced rate (0.75x) of 12 herbicides on seeded parthenium weed. Pre-emergence test showed that atrazine, dimethenamid, diuron, metazachlor, metribuzin, oxyfluorfen provided 96.5% control and the same control in 0.75X rate. Post-emergence application of glufosinate, glyphosate, paraquat and metribuzin resulted in 85% reduction of fresh weight at 21 days after foliar application, pyrozosulfuron, triclopyr, 2,4D provided 70% control, and these herbicides at reduced rates were less effective.