二種酢漿草屬(Oxalis)雜草的發芽特性及化學防治

Seed Germination and Chemical Control of Two Oxalis Weeds in Taiwam

徐玲明(Ling-Ming Hsu) ； 蔣慕琰(Mou-Yen Chiang)

《中華民國雜草學會會刊》 31卷2期 (2010/12) Pp. 57-67

https://doi.org/10.6274/WSSROC-2010-031(2)-057

摘要

酢漿草、紫花酢漿草經常發生在草坪，盆栽植物等盆景，蘭花、苗木的苗圃，及溫室中，是干擾性強的重要雜草。酢漿草種子發芽的適宜溫度為12~24℃之間，於16℃時最高發芽率為90.8%。有光照時發芽率可達73.6%；種子在土表面有高達99.5%之萌芽率，覆土0.5公分時萌芽率下降至23%，覆土4~5公分時幾乎不萌芽。種子的發芽率隨著水分的減少而下降，水分潛勢-0.1~-0.8MPa之間明顯下降，-0.8~-1.0MPa時不發芽。pH4.5~5發芽率維持在45%以上，pH7時降至5.3%。化學藥劑防治滅草胺、滅必淨、樂滅草和斯得圃對酢漿草萌前的防治，以田間常用的登記使用劑量(X)或0.75X的劑量對酢漿草都有100%的防治效果，樂滅草淨對紫花酢漿草防治效果最佳，0.75X的劑量亦有97.4%的防治率。萌後除草劑伏速隆和滅必淨對二種酢漿草的防治效果最佳，二種劑量對酢漿草可達96.9-100%，對紫花酢漿草亦達80%以上。其次是氟氯比和三氯比，二種劑量對二種酢漿草的防治效果可達80.1-90.3%。

關鍵字

酢漿草 ； 紫花酢漿草 ； 發芽率 ； 萌前除草劑 ； 萌後除草劑 ； 雜草防治

並列摘要

Creeping woodsorrel (Oxalis corniculata L.) and pink woodsorrel (Oxalis corymbosa DC.) are common perennial broadleaf weed. There were widely distributed in lawns, potted plant nurseries, flower beds, gardens, and greenhouses. In this study, the effects of temperature, pH, osmotic potential and planting depth were determined for creeping woodsorrel under controlled environments. The optimum temperatures for seed germination ranged from 12 to 24℃ of creeping woodsorrel. Maximum germination 90.8% was obtained in 16 days under 16℃ Under the water potential -0.1~-0.8 MPa, seed germination decreased significantly. Around 45% seeds germinated under imbibition condition of pH 4.5-5, and 5.3% of germination occurred in the condition of pH7. Seedling emergence was maximum from soil surface on creeping woodsorrel, no emerged seedling was observed buried depth 4-5 cm. We tested normal field used rate (x) and reduced rate (0.75x) of 13 herbicides on creeping woodsorrel and pink woodsorrel. Pre-emergence test showed that metazachlor, metribuzin, oxadiazon, and pendimethalin provided 100% control on creeping woodsorrel and good for control by oxadiazon on pink woodsorrel. On 15-20 leaves creeping woodsorrel, post-emergence application of flazasulfuron, metribuzin, resulted in 96.9-100% reduction of fresh weight at 35 days after foliar application, on 30-40 leaves pink woodsorrel, provided more then 80% control. Fluroxypyr and triclopyr also provided 80.1-90.3% control at two Oxalis weeds.

並列關鍵字

Oxalis corniculata ； Oxalis corymbosa ； Germination ； Pre-emergence herbicide ； Post-emergence herbicide ； Weed control