綠肥及氮肥對不整地栽培青割玉米產量、品質及氮素利用之影響

Effects of Green Manure and Nitrogen Fertilizer on Yield, Quality and Nitrogen Utilization of Forage Corn under No-tillage

楊志維(Zhi-Wei Yang) ； 許明晃(Ming-Huang Hsu) ； 張新軒(Shin-Shinge Chang) ； 黃文達(Wen-Dar Huang)

《中華民國雜草學會會刊》 34卷1期 (2013/06) Pp. 45-57

https://doi.org/10.6274/WSSROC-2013-034(1)-045

摘要

本研究旨在探討休耕田種植綠肥作物，於後作進行不整地種植青割玉米，配合氮肥管理，評估此種栽培方式對青割玉米產量、品質及氮素利用之影響。2004年玉米秋作試驗結果顯示，於休耕田種植豆科綠肥作物可有效增加土壤中氮素含量，田菁鮮草產量27,667 kg ha^(-1)，氮素產量120 kg ha^(-1)；青皮豆鮮草產量17,333 kg ha^(-1)，氮素產量85 kg ha^(-1)。綠肥作物可提供部分氮素供後作青割玉米利用，但仍需要補施氮肥以達到玉米生產所需。玉米種植後補施氮肥可有效增加青割玉米株高及鮮重產量，另種植綠肥作物所產生的氮素在氮肥0 kg ha^(-1)處理可增加青割玉米株高，而在0、50 kg ha^(-1)處理可增加青割玉米鮮重產量；增施氮肥及種植綠肥作物對總可消化養分無顯著性影響；增施氮肥可有效增進玉米植株各部位氮素含量，而種植綠肥作物在不施肥處理可提高青割玉米葉片氮素含量，但對其他部位氮素含量之影響則不顯著。2006年春作試驗於埃及三葉草後作種植青割玉米，採撒播或傳統不整地點播方式種植。試驗結果顯示於休耕田種植豆科綠肥作物埃及三葉草可有效增加土壤中氮素含量，鮮草產量約8,000 kg ha^(-1)，氮素產量約40 kg ha^(-1)。玉米種植後增施氮肥可有效增加青割玉米株高及鮮重產量，撒播（播種量25 kg ha^(-1)）配合氮肥50、100 kg ha^(-1)處理，青割玉米鮮物產量均可超過50 Mt ha^(-1)，能大幅減少播種費用。

關鍵字

綠肥作物 ； 氮肥 ； 不整地栽培 ； 青割玉米

並列摘要

Legume green manure crops are valuable N sources for no-tillage corn (Zea mays L.). The object of this research was conducted to investigate the effects of green manure crops and nitrogen fertilizer on the yield, quality and nitrogen utilization of forage corn under no-tillage system. In 2004 for fall cropping corn, nitrogen fertilizer was applied at three rate, i.e., 0, 50, and 100 kg ha^(-1), after the clipping of green manure crops. Experimental results showed that the herbage yield for sesbania (Sesbania roxburghii Merr.) and blue soybean (Glycine max L.) were 27 and 17 Mt ha^(-1), respectively. And the nitrogen production for sesbania and blue soybean were 120 and 85 kg ha^(-1), respectively. Forage yield and nitrogen uptake of corn following green manure crops were consistently higher than that no green manure crops as previous crops. The total nitrogen from green manure crops was not enough to meet the requirement of corn production, and it still need proper application of nitrogen fertilizer for growth. Forage yield, plant height, and total N content of corn were promoted by the increasing nitrogen rate. However, the total N content in various part of corn plant was not changed by the nitrogen released from green manure crops.In 2006 for spring cropping corn, no-tillage corn was sowing with dibble and broadcast methods. Nitrogen fertilizer was applied at four rate, i.e., 0, 20, 50, and 100 kg ha^(-1) after Egyptian clover (Trifolium alexandrinum L.) covered. Experimental results showed that Egyptian clover on fallow fields effectively increased the nitrogen content in soil, 8,000 kg ha^(-1) fresh yield, and ca. 40 kg ha^(-1) nitrogen production. Nitrogen fertilizer effectively increased the plant height and fresh yield of forage corn. Nitrogen application at 50 and 100 kg ha^(-1) combined with corn seed broadcast at 25 kg ha^(-1) resulted in the fresh yield of forage corn higher than 50 Mt ha^(-1), which also effectively reduced the cost of seed sowing.

並列關鍵字

green manure crop ； nitrogen fertilizer ； no-tillage ； forage corn

參考文獻

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