馬齒莧（Portulaca oleracea L.）與假海馬齒（Trianthema portulacastrum L.）種子發芽特性之研究

Studies on the Seed Germination Characteristics of Portulaca oleracea L. and Trianthema portulacastrum L.

黃浚傑(Chun-Chien Huang) ； 侯金日(Chin-Jin Hou)

《中華民國雜草學會會刊》 41卷1期 (2020/06) Pp. 1-25

https://doi.org/10.6274/WSSROC.202006_41(1).0001

摘要

本研究主要目的在探討環境因子（恆溫、變溫、水分潛勢、鹽分濃度、酸鹼值、光質、氧氣與埋土深度）對馬齒莧（Portulaca oleracea L.）及假海馬齒（Trianthema portulacastrum L.）種子發芽特性之影響，試驗結果顯示，馬齒莧種子恆溫下發芽溫度範圍在10～45℃之間，以25℃發芽率為最佳73.3%，假海馬齒種子恆溫下發芽溫度範圍在20～50℃之間，以45℃發芽率為最佳76.7%。馬齒莧以30/25℃變溫環境下發芽能力最佳，發芽率為81.0%；假海馬齒以35/30℃變溫環境下發芽能力最佳，發芽率為81.0%；變溫環境下之發芽能力較恆溫環境下為佳。馬齒莧與假海馬齒種子可發芽的水分潛勢範圍在0～-1.5MPa，以假海馬齒種子較耐低水分潛勢。在鹽分濃度方面，馬齒莧種子於鹽分濃度0～3%間與假海馬齒種子於鹽分濃度0～3.5%間，種子皆具發芽能力，在鹽分濃度1%時馬齒莧種子發芽受明顯抑制，馬齒莧種子對於鹽分較為敏感。酸鹼值pH3～11間二種子皆可發芽，在酸鹼值pH3及pH11時馬齒莧種子發芽受明顯抑制，假海馬齒表現較佳。光質對馬齒莧及假海馬齒種子，以白光及紅光之發芽率達80.0%以上為最佳；在黑暗環境下馬齒莧種子發芽受明顯抑制。在光照有氧環境下發芽率最佳，馬齒莧為79.3%，假海馬齒為81.3%。光照無氧和黑暗無氧環境皆不發芽；在埋土深度試驗中，馬齒莧埋土深度1cm時種子不萌芽；假海馬齒埋土0～0.2cm萌芽率最佳達80.0%以上，深度達0.4cm時種子萌芽率相對下降，當埋土6cm時，種子無萌芽。

關鍵字

馬齒莧 ； 假海馬齒 ； 環境因子 ； 發芽能力

並列摘要

This study focused on investigating the effect of seed germination of Portulaca oleracea L. and Trianthema portulacastrum under different environmental factors such as different temperature (constant and alternate), water potential, salt concentration, pH value, light quality, oxygen concentration and depth of burying. The results showed that the seed germination temperature of Portulaca oleracea L. were between 10-45°C. Portulaca oleracea L. had the highest seed germination percentage at constant temperature 25°C (73.3%) ; The seed germination temperature of Trianthema portulacastrum L. were between 20-50°C. Trianthema portulacastrum L. had the highest seed germination percentage at constant temperature 45°C (76.7%). Portulaca oleracea L. had the best seed germination ability at alternate temperature 30/25°C, germination percentage was 81.0%. Trianthema portulacastrum L. had the best seed germination ability at alternate temperature 35/30°C, germination percentage was 83.3%. Alternate temperature environments had better seed germination ability than constant temperature environments. Both Portulaca oleracea L. and Trianthema portulacastrum L. seeds could germinated under water potential 0 to -1.5 MPa, Trianthema portulacastrum L. had more resistant to low water potential. Portulaca oleracea L. could germinate under salt concentration 0 -3%, and Trianthema portulacastrum L. could germinate under salt concentration 0 -3.5%. However, seed germination of Portulaca oleracea L. were restricted when salt concentration is higher than 1%. In terms of pH value, both species can germinate under pH 3 to pH 11.The germination of Portulaca oleracea L. seeds was significantly inhibited at pH 3 and pH 11. With respect to light, white light and red light have better impacts on seed germination which can be over 80.0%. Nevertheless, The germination of Portulaca oleracea L. seeds was significantly inhibited in the dark. Germination with light and oxygen had the best seed germination percentage, the seeds germination of Portulaca oleracea L. was 79.3%, the seeds germination of Trianthema portulacastrum L. was 81.3%. Seeds were unable to germinate without oxygen, no matter with light or in the dark. Seeding emergence of Portulaca oleracea L. were unable to sprout out from soil when the depth were over 1 cm. Burying seeds of Trianthema portulacastrum L. in the depth of 0-2 cm had the highest emergence percentage which were more than 80.0%, but the rate decreased when the depth were over 0.4 cm. Trianthema portulacastrum L. were unable to sprout out from soil when the depth were over 6 cm.

並列關鍵字

Portulaca oleracea L. ； Trianthema portulacastrum L. ； environmental factor ； germination ability