- 期刊
應用形態病理學與反轉錄聚合酶鏈反應診斷臺灣地區犬瘟熱病毒之感染
Pathology and RT-PCR Employed in the Identification of Canine Distemper Virus Infection in Taiwan
摘要
犬瘟熱(canine distemper, CD)是一種嚴重感染犬科動物，並真高度傳染性之病毒性疾病，主要引起呼吸、消化及中樞神經系統疾病。根據過去台灣地區的非正式報告，認為本病是犬最重要且引發高死亡率的病毒性疾病，自1995年起，又陸續出現成犬疑似犬瘟熱引起脫髓鞘性腦炎(demyelinating encephalitis)之病例。本研究係嘗試結合病理學及反轉錄聚合酶鏈反應(RT-PCR)診斷方法以確認台灣地區之犬瘟熱病毒感染。自民國88年3月至89年8月間，由台灣各地區動物醫院及棄犬收容中心，於臨床上發現疑似犬瘟熱之自然死亡或經畜主同意安樂死之患犬，共21例，進行病理學檢查、免疫組織化學染色及組織化學染色觀察形態學變化。同時，採取新鮮中樞神經系統、肺臟、腦脊髓液及全血，使用RT-PCR以偵測CD病毒磷酸蛋白質基因(phosphoprotein gene)。結果發現8 例(8/21)有特徵性病理變化及出現包涵體而診斷為CD；使用RT-PCR 診斷，則陽性病例增為17 例。此外，本研究亦發現2 例脫髓鞘性腦炎，經病理學及RT-PCR檢測，證實為CD病毒感染所致。本實驗結合病理學及RT-PCR 核酸偵測技術，不但確認台灣地區有全身性及脫髓鞘性犬瘟熱病例，同時也證實同時應用這兩種診斷方法，可提高CD的診斷速度及敏感性。
並列摘要
Canine distemper (CD) is a highly contagious viral disease, which has been reported in dogs for many years in Taiwan. Ever since 1995, apart from systemic CD, there has been continuous emergence of CD-like demyelinating encephalitis in adult dogs. The goal of this study is to identify CD in Taiwan using pathology and RT-PCR. This report collected 21 cases from animal hospitals throughout the country as well as from the dog pound. The affected dogs died either natural cause or by euthanasia. All cases were conducted to perform pathological investigation, ABC immunohistochemistry as well as luxol-fast blue cresyl echt violet (LFB-CEV) histochemistry. Phosphoprotein gene of CD virus (CDV) was used as the target gene for RT-PCR. Under histopathological examination, eight out of 21 cases (38.1%) were diagnosed as CD. With the aid of RT-PCR, 17 cases (81%) were diagnosed as CDV positive. This study also found that 2 cases of demyelinating encephalitis were diagnosed as CDV infection with histopathology, LEB-CEV stain and RT-PCR. On conclusion, systemic and demyelinating CD are identified in Taiwan using RT-PCR along with histopathology. Combination of the two techniques not only raises CD diagnostic rate, but also provides a more rapid, specific, and sensitive method to confirm CDV infection.