臺灣五大城市之氣候特性分析

On the Climatological Characteristics at Five Cities in Taiwan

陳泰然(George Tai-Jen Chen) ； 吳清吉(Ching-Chi Wu)

《大氣科學》 5卷2期 (1978/11) Pp. 1-16

摘要

本文係對臺灣五大城市（臺北、基隆、臺中、臺南與高雄）之二十年氣候資料（民國四十五年至六十四年）進行統計分析，以求得最高溫度、最低溫度與降水量之每日氣候值並分析其氣候特徵。臺北與東港之探空資料（十六年）亦用於分析中、低對層流大氣之氣候結構特性。結果顯示最低溫度每日氣候值臺北低於基隆，臺南低於高雄，此種差異尤以冬季最為顯著。最高溫度每日氣候值則呈相反結果，即臺北高於基隆，臺南高於高雄，且其差異在夏季更為明顯。最高溫度與最低溫度之季節變化，北部遠大於南部。每日降水氣候值顯示基隆呈冬濕夏乾型，各季降水持續性均高，其他城市則呈冬乾夏濕型，且降水持續性亦呈冬低夏高型。各大城市之降水持續性有由北往南遞減之趨勢。梅雨期（五月中旬至六月中旬），五大城市之降水強度及持續性均十分顯著，其降水量，在北部為相對最大值，在南部則呈絕對最大值。波譜分析結果顯示，地面與中低對流層各氣象參數之變化，在5～9天與14～16天附近，幾乎均有明顯可靠的週期存在。分析結果又顯示每日無條件降水機率氣候值經修勻後之預報能力，較未修勻前為佳。

並列摘要

Maximum temperature, minimum temperature and precipitation records at five cities in Taiwan (Taipei, Keelung, Taichung, Tainan and Kaoshiung) for a period of 20 years, 1956 through 1975, are used to generate the daily climatological data. Climatological probabilities of those parameters are obtained. Data at two radiosonde stations (Taipei and Tungkong) are also analyzed. In addition, analysis of the. frequency spectra of those daily climatological data are made.Climatological similarities and differences among the five cities are presented and discussed. Keelung is characterized by wet winter and dry summer while the reverse is true at other stations. The persistency of precipitation occurence decreases southward. The occurrence persistency and intensity of precipitation at five cities are almost the same in the Mei-Yu season.Spectrum analyses of the pertient parameters indicate that there are two major peaks in the vicinity of 5-9 days and 14-16 days. It is also shown that the smoothed precipitation probabilities have more forecasting skill than the unsmoothed ones.