台灣區域有關颱風之中小尺度暴雨之初步研究

A Preliminary Study on the Meso-scale Heavy Rainfall Associated with Typhoon Circulation over Taiwan

王時鼎(Shih-Ting Wang) ； 王忠山(Chung-Shan Wang)

《大氣科學》 10卷1期 (1983/03) Pp. 99-113

摘要

本文係以1981年有關颱風之四次中小尺度對流系統暴雨作為分析對象。發現：例一之高雄區暴雨係源於颱風侵襲前山脈背風面尾流區（wake zone）內之擾動；例二之台北區暴雨係源於Maury輕度颱風中心之直接侵襲；例三之嘉義區暴雨似與因颱風環流後部西南氣流湧入與山風輻合造成風變線有關；而例四台東區一帶之暴雨則由於中心在巴士海峽過境颱風，迎風面氣流爬山效應之結果。此四例降雨可得下述之共同特徵：（1）均伴隨有猛烈雷暴雨。其中例一與例三雷雨區範圍最大，約達100公里之長度，時間延續數小時，屬有組織「雷雨群」之性質；（2）在修正MB色調強化紅外線衛星雲圖中，可見均為有組織之中尺度對流系統，並伴有上衝至平流層內之對流雲；（3）暴雨區一般地面風速均在15 kts以下。另外，修正MB雲圖並作與降雨量強度大小之相關研究，發現其關係均甚密切。但各個例之此項關係，則不甚相同。此外，雷達回波圖曾用作例三嘉義區暴雨之研究，發現其與雨量區域分佈及與修正MB雲圖間之關係均甚一致。

並列摘要

Four cases of local heavy rainfall associated with typhoon circulation in 1981 are studied using the modified MB enhanced IR satellite pictures, radar echoes and conventional data. Main findings include the following: (1)All 4 cases of heavy rains were accompanied by severe thunderstorm activities with pronounced overshooting extending Into the stratosphere; (2) Surface winds were less than 15 kts during heavy rainfall; and (3) Detailed synoptic patterns were different, but all of the heavy rainfall cases were of organized meso-scale convective systems. In addition, the modified MB enhanced IR satellite pictures and the precipitation observations were found positively correlated.