颱風侵襲下台灣暴風及地面氣溫之研究

A Study on the Strong Wind and the Surface Temperature Associated with Typhoon Hitting Over Taiwan

俞家忠(Chia-Chung Yu)

《大氣科學》 12卷1期 (1985/03) Pp. 127-136

摘要

本文係利用過去三十五（1949－1983）年侵襲台灣之颱風及有關氣象資料，來研究台灣的暴風及颱風侵襲下各地之氣溫。統計顯示，台灣各地暴風強度、暴風頻率及暴風風向分佈，頗受地形影響，台北松山是一個最受暴風影響的地方。經對台灣在強烈颱風侵襲下氣溫隨空間之分佈、各地氣溫隨時間之變化、颱風期間各地所出現之最低溫度、及各地暴風持續時間之統計分析後從現，伴隨颱風環流之較低溫度，為強烈颱風的明顯現象，且各地暴風持續時間之久暫有與該地暴風期間平均溫度成反比之趨勢。此種現象之存在，除強烈颱風位於地面至高空適當有利的配合下來維持烟囪效應，使低層空氣因摩擦加大內流而不致迅速填塞外，台灣四周環海及強烈降水達於地面造成汪洋一片積水所提供空氣之熱能，深信對內流空氣膨脹冷卻所形成之冷心環境下，颱風仍能維持相當強度，必有某種程度之貢獻。

並列摘要

Due to the terrain effect, the occurrence of strong wind caused by Typhoon over Taiwan is quite different from station to station. However, sometimes a large variations in wind intensity could be observed at the same stati.ons under the hittings of two typhoons which almost have the same intensity and identical track. In this study, a detailed analysis of the surface temperature associated with Typhoon hitting over Taiwan has been made. It is found that the relatively lower temperature in the surface Typhoon circulation is quite evident. The reasons why strong intensity of the typhoons still remain in such a lower surface temperature situation over Taiwan area is also discussed.