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TAMEX期間海上中尺度對流系統之飛機雷達觀測個案研究

Airborne Doppler Radar Observation of an Oceanic Mesoscale Convective System during TAMEX

摘要


1987年6月16日台灣東南方海面有一直徑大約200公里的中尺度對流系統伴隨著顯著氣旋式環流存在。美國國家海洋暨大氣總署之P-3飛機對此系統進行將近六個小時的觀測,使得國內有機會第一次利用飛機觀測資料來檢視台灣鄰近海面上中尺度對流系統內部的降水、運動及動力結構。本文除說明P-3飛機機尾都卜勒雷達資料性質與分析此中尺度對流系統南側線性對流區及北側層狀降水區之降水與運動結構外,並討論伴隨此中尺度對流系統之氣旋式環流的特徵及其與中尺度對流系統結構間的相互關係。分析結果顯示,此中尺度對流系統的回波基本上為南北走向的線形結構。南側對流降水區內,最大回波區在內流的後緣。北側層狀降水區內則有不規則排列之對流活動。主要對流活動有愈往北愈向西傾斜的情形。北部區域的回波強度並不比南側對流區弱,但其水平回波梯度較小。不論北側層狀降水區域或南側對流降水區,其內部雨帶結構都與中緯度或熱帶地區移行的颮線系統有甚大不同。最明顯的差異為此中尺度對流系統並無顯著的傾斜下沖流,且最大上升運動區正好落在最大回波區內。由氣流的分析結果顯示,對流的激發機制主要為大範圍氣流的輻合。中尺度對流系統北側的回波結構與氣流結構,顯然受到中尺度渦旋環流的影響,呈現明顯氣旋式曲率。而南側之回波結構與氣流型式受此環流影響較小,可能與台灣的地形較為有關。由平均之垂直渦度分量隨高度的變化,發現此中尺度渦旋,北側層狀降水區於4.5至2.5公里有極大值,往下則強度稍減,4.5公里以上則隨高度快速遞減。南側對流降水區最大渦度值則出現在4.5公里高度,向上、向下快速遞減。兩者的差異明顯指出此中尺度對流系統南側及北側區域運動場結構之不同及其對降水結構與組織方式所產生的影響。

並列摘要


The precipitation and kinematic structure of an oceanic mesoscale convective system observed to the southeast of Taiwan is studied using airborne Doppler radar data collected by the NOAA P-3 aircraft on 16 June 1987. The mesoscale convective system consisted of two-major components, a linear quasi-stationary multi-cellular convective line oriented approximately south-north direction and a distinct stratiform precipation region to the north of the line.In this study, airborne Doppler-derived three-dimensional wind field is constructed not only for the south part of the convective line region but also the north part of the stratiform rain region using the pseudo-dual Doppler method described by Ray et. al., (1985). It is shown that the flow structure on the north part of the meso-scale convective system possessed a distinct cyclonic circulation between 2.5 to 4.5km with a maximum vorticity at low level. The reflectivity pattern was modified by the intrusion of drier air from northeast as indicated by a reflectivity trough extended from northeast to southwest. The flow structure on the south consisted of a quasi-two-dimensional structure with maximum upward motion colocated with the maximum echo region.

被引用紀錄


姜禮鴻(2005)。花蓮地區梅雨季降水特性與豪(大)雨個案診斷分析〔碩士論文,國立臺灣大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2005.02696

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