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一維垂直光化模式之研究與應用

A Development of 1-D Photochemical Model

摘要


本文延續柳與盧(1991)的研究,應用一維垂直光化模式,模擬台北市下風處臭氧垂直分佈狀況,以了解垂直擴散對化學物質時空分佈的影響。模式中主要包括PBL(行星邊界層)模式與化學模式,PBL模式利用前日晚間8時板橋探空的資料,以預估未來24小時,垂直方向上熱量、動量、水汽量等因為近地面受熟,輻射冷卻,與垂直紊流擴散運動等,而致改變的狀況。PBL模式中所得之物理項(包括溫度場與垂直擴散係數),則輸入化學模式中,以模擬在近地面輸入汽車排放廢氣的情況下,各化學物質隨時間與高度的變化情形。一維模式不考慮水平傳送與垂直風,所以化學物質的濃度改變,除因化學反應外,主要受垂直紊流擾動而改變。本研究以民國76年6月12日之個案為例,化學模式初始時間為清晨4時,且不考慮水平傳送,所以與箱型模式相似,主要採用午時資料與觀測值相比較。大略上,午時O3為190ppb,與當日景美200ppb和板橋250ppb接近。同時2.5km以下,O3均勻維持在170~200ppb,此與79年春季飛航觀測所得之O3垂直分佈,在地面至2Km間均勻維持50~100ppb之現象接近;但模擬值非常高,乃因為未考慮水平傳送之故。另外,模擬發現日落後50公尺~3Km間聚集高濃度臭氧,很可能在第二日日出後下降地面,加速近地面臭氣累積。至於午時近地區PAN、HNO3等,均達一般城市區污染濃度(PAN~9.6ppb,HNO3~12ppb)。而光化反應中之游離基OH、HO2與RO2等,濃度較低(OH~0.45PPT,HO2~80PPT,RO2~583PPT,午時2Km濃度最高處)顯示反應快速激烈,且生命期短。OH、HO2在日落後就完全消失,而RO2則仍聚集在50公尺以上,此對第二日的臭氧光化反應有正面加強作用。大略而言,本研究結果指出垂直紊流擾動對垂直面上臭氧,OH等之分佈影響,非常重要,未來吾人將進一步修改模式,以分析水平風傳送之影響效應。

並列摘要


A 1-D photochemical model is developed to simulate the vertical ozone distribution down-stream of the Taipei area. The model includes a 1-D PBL model and photochemical model. The PBL model takes the 8pm PanChiao sounding as the initial data to prognastically evaluate the temporal and spatial change of the vertical transport of heat, momemtum, and moisture flux, caused by the surface radiative cooling, solar heating and vertical eddy disturbance. The outcomes from the PBL model, such as the temperature and diffusion coefficient, are incorporated into the chemical model so as to simulate the effect of vertical disturbance on the diffusion of chemical species.By taking June 12, 1987 case for study, the results show that at noontime surface ozone is about 190ppbv, which is close to the observed 200ppbv at GinMei and 250ppbv at PanChiao. Below 2.5km, ozone distributed uniformly at around 170-200ppbv, such kind of distribution pattern is close to the profile observed by aircraft. Except that the observed value is about 50-100ppbv, which is much lower than simulated. It must be caused by the efficient accumulation of chemical species in a closed system. In order words, the effect of horizontal advection shall be included in the future to lower the simulated ozone amount. Besides ozone, other photochemical products such as PAN, HNO3 are closed to the value observed in ruban area.

被引用紀錄


楊承恩(2006)。臺灣地區臭氧濃度變化機制探討〔碩士論文,國立臺灣大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2006.01285
林彥穎(2004)。區域局部環流對台北地區空氣品質之影響〔碩士論文,國立臺灣大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2004.01588

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