臺灣的氣候分區

The Classification of the Climate in Taiwan

吳明進(Ming-Chin Wu) ； 陳幼麟(Yow-Lin Chen)

《大氣科學》 21卷1期 (1993/03) Pp. 55-66

摘要

本文使用臺灣地區有比較長氣候觀測資料的十六個測站1942－1991年各月的平均氣溫和降水資料，利用主成份分析濃縮資料。而後利用群落分析作客觀的氣候分區。結果顯示各月的分區略有不同，顯示了季節性大尺度環流的特徵和擾動的影響。如果以全年的資料作為分區的依據，則臺灣地區的氣候大體可分為北部（臺北、新竹、彭佳嶼），北海岸（基隆），東北部（宜蘭），中部（臺中、日月潭），西南部（澎湖、臺南、高雄），東部（花蓮、成功、臺東、大武、恆春），及山地（阿里山）。這樣的分區和目前氣象局使用者不同。氣候分區顯示，大尺度環流及擾動受到地形，特別是中央山脈的阻擋形成區域氣候不同的特徵。

關鍵字

臺灣的氣候 ； 客觀的氣候分區 ； 主成份分析 ； 群落分析

並列摘要

In this paper, monthly mean temperature and precipitation of 16 stations which have a longer climate record in the Taiwan area are used. A principal component analysis is applied to condense the information. A cluster analysis is applied to classify the climate objectively. The results indicate that the classification is various in the individual month. The clusters reveal the influences of the seasonality of the large scale circulation and disturbance. Based on the year round record, the climate in the Taiwan area could be clustered as the North (Taipei, Hsinchu, Pengchiayu), the Northern coast (Keelung), the Northeast (Ilan), the Central (Taichung, Jiyuetan), the Southeast (Penhu, Tainan, Kaoshung), the East (Hualian, Chengkung, Taitung, Tawu, Hengchun), and the mountain (Alishan) regions. This kind of classification is different from those which are currently used by the Central Weather Bereau. Climate classification reflects the influence of the large-scale circulation and disturbance blocked by the topography, especially the Central mountains, to form the various characteristics of the regional climate.

並列關鍵字

Climate in Taiwan ； objective climate classification ； principal component analysis ； cluster analysis