台灣梅雨季之豪雨研究

On the Heavy Rainfall Research in the Taiwan Mei-Yu Season

陳泰然(George Tai-Jen Chen)

《大氣科學》 22卷4期 (1994/12) Pp. 455-477

摘要

梅雨為災變天氣的主要理由，為其伴隨之豪雨／暴洪可導致嚴重的財物損失及人員傷亡。梅雨季的豪雨，因預報能力仍低，在作業上為一大挑戰，在學術研究上為一複雜有趣的課題。為期10年（1983～1993）的「台灣地區中尺度實驗計畫」（TAMEX）的實施，提供了台灣梅雨季豪雨有關的中尺度現象問題絕佳的研究機會。本文主要目的在回顧與評介近年來有關這方面的研究，並對未來的豪雨研究提出一些建議。首先討論豪雨之時空分佈，其次比較不同研究方法與不同性質之研究，在有關豪雨問題基本了解之相對重要性。最後針對梅雨鋒面系統與豪雨、低層噴流與豪雨、中尺度低壓與豪雨以及地形效應與豪雨等問題，以TAMEX實施前與實施後做為約略畫分，以回顧及評介研究成果及研究趨勢。

關鍵字

豪雨 ； 梅雨鋒 ； 低層噴流 ； 中尺度低壓 ； 地形效應 ； 局部環流

並列摘要

Mei-Yu is considered as a disastrous weather because its heavy rainfall/flash flood can cause remarkable property damage and loss of life. Heavy rainfall in the Mei-Yu season is not only a challenging forecast problem but also is an interesting and complicated research topic. The main reason is that the forecast capability of heavy rainfall is rather limited at the present time. The execution of the 10-year program ”Taiwan Area Mesoscale Experiment (TAMEX)” provides an excellent opportunity for studying the meaoscale phenomena related to the heavy rainfall in the Taiwan Mei-Yu season. It is the main purpose of this paper to review the heavy rainfall research in the recent years and to make some recommendations for the unresolved issues.The spatial and diurnal distribution of the heavy rainfall events is described first. Then the relative importance in improving the basic understanding of heavy rainfall by using different research methodologies is discussed. Finally, the research on various topics in the pre-TAMEX and post-TAMEX era is reviewed and recommendations for the future research in the related fields are made. These include the roles of the Mei-Yu front, the low-level jet, the mesolow, and the topographical effects on the heavy rainfall in Mei-Yu season.

並列關鍵字

heavy rainfall ； Mei-Yu front ； low-level jet ； Mesolow ； topographical effect ； local circulation