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中南部地區梅雨季鋒面降水中尺度氣候法之預報校驗

Forecast Evaluation for the Meiyu Frontal Rainfall over Central and Southern Taiwan Using Mesoscale Climatology

摘要


本文利用台灣中南部地區1991~1995年5~6月梅雨季鋒面過境之地面降水資料,求取各分區於鋒面過境前後各24小時之降雨機率、降雨量及豪(大)雨發生機率逐時氣候值。利用1996年5~6月間四道梅雨鋒面資料,分別以預報起始時間前1小時、前3小時、前6小時及前12小時之降雨觀測值,作為不同持續法之預測值;並與氣候值法之降雨機率、降雨量及豪(大)雨發生機率等進行預報校驗,以比較氣候值法與不同持續法之預報誤差。 結果顯示,不論降雨機率、降雨強度或豪(大)雨發生機率,均為鋒面過境時增大且鋒後較鋒前為大,唯各分區均有其特殊之分布。氣候值法之預報校驗結果顯示,在降雨機率預報方面,除分區7(南投)外,氣候值法在各分區之6~12小時預報時段均具有預報能力,其預報誤差均較持續法為小,但在0~3小時預報時段顯然並無超越持續法之預報能力。在降雨量預報方面,除分區9(嘉義)外,氣候值法在各分區之3~12小時預報時段均具有預報能力。至於在豪(大)雨發生機率之預報方面,雖僅第二道鋒面有伴隨豪(大)雨事件,故校驗較無代表性,但豪(大)雨之氣候值法預報已在分區9(嘉義)顯示出其預報能力。綜合言之,在預報起始時間3小時後,持續法誤差普遍增大,而氣候值法在鋒面過境前後對於各分區均有相當程度之短期降水預報能力,可供中尺度預報之參考應用。

並列摘要


Mesoscale climatology of the Meiyu frontal rainfall over central and southern Taiwan was obtained using surface hourly rainfall data in the period of May-June 1991~1995.Mesoscale climatology and different persistence methods were used to evaluate the forecast skill of rainfall intensity (i.e. QPF), probability of precipitation (POP), and heavy rainfall using Meiyu frontal rainfall data in 1996. Results showed that the intensity and probability of precipitation, and heavy rainfall frequency were much higher during and after the frontal passage as compared to those ahead of front for each subregion. For the forecast evaluation, mesoscale climatology demonstrated some skill on 6~12 hours POP in each subregion except subregion 7. It also demonstrated some skill on 3~12 hours QPF in each subregion except subregion 9. For the heavy rainfall forecast, mesoscale climatology indicated some skill in subregion 9although heavy rainfall only occurred for one of the four fronts in 1996. In general, forecast errors increase beyond 3 hours of forecast for all persistence methods. Mesoscale climatology, therefore, provides useful information for forecasting rainfall intensity, probability of precipitation, and heavy rainfall occurrence in3~12 hours forecast period.

被引用紀錄


龔楚媖(2010)。氣候概念模式於梅雨定量降雨預報之評估與分析〔碩士論文,國立臺灣大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2010.02106

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