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台灣地區長期暖化現象與太平洋海溫變化之關係

The Long-term Warming over Taiwan and Its Relationship with the Pacific SST Variability

摘要


本文之主要研究內容有兩部份:第一部份探討台灣地區長期暖化現象的特性,及都市效應在此暖化過程中之可能角色,第二部份則探討台灣地區長期暖化現象與太平洋海溫(SST)長期變化之關聯性。 在第一部份方面,本文定義台北、台中、台南、恆春、花蓮、台東等六測站地面溫度之平均值為「台灣地區平均溫度」,分析此平均溫度於1920~1997年間之長期變化特性,結果顯示台灣地區溫度於四季中均具有長期暖化趨勢,强度分別是冬季之0.6℃/100年、春季之1.3℃/100年、夏季之1.6℃/100年、秋季之1.4℃/100年。就台灣地區與北半球平均之暖化趨勢來比較時,兩者在冬季之暖化趨勢約略相當,但在春、夏、秋三季,台灣地區則分別為北半球平均暖化趨勢之2倍、4倍、3倍左右,由此顯見台灣地區暖化趨勢之顯著程度。經驗正交函數分析結果顯示台灣地區六主要測站之長期溫度變化均呈現相同相位的暖化趨勢,隱喻台灣地區暖化現象應是以全島為範圍的長期氣候變遷現象。進一步比較五組都會區測站與非都會區測站於1950-1997年間年均溫之暖化趨勢,結果非都會區測站之暖化趨勢(0.63℃/100年)僅為都會區測站(1.12℃/100年)之56%,兩者之差距隱喻台灣地區都會區測站之暖化趨勢約有44%應與都市效應有關。 在第二部份方面,單點相關係數分析結果顯示,台灣地區各季之長期暖化現象均與太平洋海域之大尺度SST變化有相當程度的關聯性,尤其又與台灣以東、日本以南海域(124°E-134°E,20°N-32°N)SST長期變化的正相關性最高。經驗正交函數分析結果進一步顯示,台灣以東、日本以南海域之SST長期變化,在春、夏、秋三季中均屬於太平洋大尺度SST十年際變化的一部份,但冬季則不然,因此台灣地區之長期暖化現象與太平洋大尺度SST十年際變化,在春、夏、秋三季具有明顯正相關關係,根據上述SST分析結果,我們推論太平洋海溫變化應是影響台灣區域氣候長期變化的可能物理機制之一

並列摘要


The purpose of this study is twofold. The first one is to examine characteristics of the long-term warming over Taiwan and the role of urbanization effect in this warming. The second one is to analyze the relationship between the warming over Taiwan and the variability of the Pacific sea surface temperature (SST). Our analyses show that, for the seasonal mean temperature averaged from 6 major weather stations over Taiwan, there is a clear warming trend in the 1920-1997 temperature time series. Magnitude of the warming trend is 0.60℃/100yr in winter, 1.3℃/100yr in spring, 1.60℃/100yr in summer, and 1.4℃/100yr in autumn. The warming trend of Taiwan is in comparable magnitude with that averaged over the Northern Hemisphere (NH) in winter, but is 2, 4, and 3 times larger than the NH warming trend in spring, summer, and autumn, respectively. EOF analyses show that all the 6 stations over Taiwan are consistent with respect to the polarity of warming trend, suggesting that the long-term warming over Taiwan is likely to be an island-scale climate change phenomenon. By comparing the warming trends of 5 urban and 5 rural stations, we find that warming of the rural stations is only 56% of the urban one, implicating that 44% of the warming of the urban stations is likely related to urbanization effect. To examine the relationship between the long-term warming over Taiwan and SST variability over the Pacific, we compute point correlation and find high positive correlations over the North Pacific. In particular, temperature changes over Taiwan is highly coherent with SST changes over the open oceans between Taiwan and Japan in the area of 124°E-134°E,20°N-32°N.SST changes in this area are parts of the large-scale decadal SST variability over the Pacific in spring, summer, and autumn, but not in winter. These results implicate that the long-term warming of Taiwan should be highly linked with the large-scale decadal SST variability over the Pacific. Further implication is that the Pacific SST variability is one of the possible mechanisms to affect the long-term climate changes over Taiwan.

被引用紀錄


李雅娟(2006)。臺灣地區非颱風降雨之統計特徵分析〔碩士論文,國立臺灣大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2006.00413
邱仁德(2016)。應用Landsat-8影像探討臺中市新社花海節對地區溫度變化之影響〔碩士論文,逢甲大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://doi.org/10.6341/fcu.M0306630
朱啟豪(2001)。台灣長期氣候變化〔碩士論文,國立臺灣師範大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://www.airitilibrary.com/Article/Detail?DocID=U0021-2603200719113230

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