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台灣北部冬季豪雨個案研究-東風擾動的結構、演變與降水的關係

Observational Study of a Wintertime Heavy Rain Event in Northern Taiwan

摘要


2000年12月12日至13日台灣北部地區發生豪雨事件,強降水區由東北部往西移向北部山區及西北海岸。綜觀環境顯示降水期間是在大陸冷高壓的籠罩下,低對流層盛行東風,東風氣流內存在明顯的風場擾動。為了了解擾動的結構特徵、變化,並討論其對降水的影響,本文使用台灣及附近四個探空測站資料,以線性擾動法求得東風氣流內各氣象參數基本場的合成和擾動在時空上的演變,並以運動學法求取測站所圍成區域之散度、垂直速度以及渦度的分布特徵。 東茜擾動存在於低對流層800hPa以下的東風氣流內,東風氣流呈噴流形式,風速最大值出現在925hPa 25度N附近;東風擾動最大平均振幅發生在噴流南側的氣旋式風切區中,高度與噴流高度一致。本個案東風擾動並沒有週期出現,也未有完整的波形;由擾動的槽到脊估計其半個波長大約是200~250公里左右。東風擾動前期移速約3.9 m-s負1向西;當擾動與700hPa西風短波槽偶合,移速轉為3.6 m-s負1向東。東風擾動槽東有正渦度,但由於中層以下皆為輻散,大氣是下沈的;槽底至槽西移至台灣附近時渦度變大,同時受到中層短波槽附近的影響,中低層有明顯的輻合和上升運動。 東北部地區12月12日位於東風擾動槽東偏南氣流,大氣主要在下沉區域中。雷達資料顯示低層在蘭陽平原和其東方海面持續有垂直海岸線(東北東-西南西)的中γ尺度淺對流窄雨帶存在。窄雨帶發展的高度和移速分別與東南氣流的厚度和低層平均風速相對應,且伴隨帶狀的強風速擾動。而700hPa西風帶持續存在的潛在不穩定層及中尺度舉升,維持了中層的層狀降水過程,為北部及西北海岸帶來長延時的層性降雨。

並列摘要


In this study, a wintertime abnormally heavy rain (AHR) event in northern Taiwan is investigated. During the heavy rain period, the prevailing flow underneath 800 hPa was easterly and with pronounced wind disturbances embedded in. The low-level easterly flow shad jet-like structure. The jet axis was located at latitude north of 25N and altitude 950-925 hPa. The amplitude of the jet reached 10 ms-1 with significant vertical and lateral shears. The wind disturbance was about 100 km south of the jet axis and had its maximum amplitude at 925 hPa. The heavy rain event occurred when the maximum southerly component of wind disturbance encountered the east coast of Taiwan. Warm and moisture advections associated with the southerly flow produced an unstable atmospheric condition favorable for mesoscale precipitation system to develop. The precipitation characteristic of AHR is also analyzed by using WFS Doppler radar data. It is shown the larger scale precipitation was stratiform in nature and embedded within meso-γ-scale narrow and shallow convective rainbands. The orientation of these bands was approximately east to west. These convective rainbands had their maximum reflectivity below 3 km and propagated at a speed similar to the wind speed of southeasterly. The convective bands formed at the leading edge of wind disturbances embedded within the prevailing southeasterly.

被引用紀錄


戴志輝(2010)。冬季台灣近海對流邊界層發展之數值模擬〔博士論文,國立臺灣大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2010.01765

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