FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC科學研究簡介

Introduction to FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC Science Research

黃清勇(Ching-Yuang Huang) ； 朱延祥(Yen-Hsyang Chu)

《大氣科學》 32卷3期 (2004/10) Pp. 293-328

摘要

台灣與美郭共同合作的中華衛星三號，取名ROCSAT-3/COSMIC計畫，已近發射階段。最近，ROCSAT-3已更名為FORMOSAT-3（即福爾摩沙衛星三號）。福爾摩沙衛星三號預計發射6顆低地球軌道(low-earth-orbit)之微衛星，接收24顆全球定位GPS發射1.58及1.23千兆赫(GHz)頻率訊號，此低軌道訊號接收衛星之接收網絡將形成所謂星座掩星觀測(constellation occultation observations)，每日可提供全球觀測密度均勻分布的探空數目將多達3000個，此高密度之觀測實驗除將開創世界之首例，計畫本身對我國衛星工業生根、技術發展與衛星元件製造能力之提昇亦有重大之助益，所附帶的各種觀測資訊，亦大大提昇吾人對大氣狀況之了解，對學術研究及國計民生之應用有極高的價值。依此多衛星及酬載儀器所具功能特性，其主要目標著重在建立全球大氣重要參數之衛星即時觀測作業網，可以：(1)增進全球及地區性天氣預報作業之精確度；(2)增進太空天氣之監控與預報能力及電離層動態監控等相關用途；(3)提供氣候研究及全球變遷研究資料；(4)提供地球重力及衛星軌道研究資料等。在此衛星發射之前，我國之科學研究團隊，在國科會及太空計畫室的支助下，也針對當前掩星觀測資料反演技術及同化模擬及作業之準備，有持續深入之研發。本文除簡單介紹FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC計畫背景，整體研發目標及資料應用之重點，亦說明國內相關議題研究成果，對國際此方面之研究發展，侑於專業領域，只選擇與我國大氣學門較具密切相關之項目，如天氣預報及電離層研究，進一步說明。

關鍵字

福爾摩沙三號/COSMIC ； GPS ； 星座掩星觀測

並列摘要

The bilateral project between Taiwan and U.S.A., orginally named ROCSAT-3/COSMIC, has recently been renamed as FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC and is nearing the launch stage. FOP.MOSAT-3 consists of six low-earth-orbit micro-satellites which will receive both 1.58 GHz and 1.23 GHz signals emited by 24 GPS satillites, thus forming a network of constellation occultation observations with a daily up to 3000 sounding collections globally evenly distributed. Such a high-density observation experiment will be the first pioneer experiment in the world, which will greatly help Taiwan on the promotion of satellite industry, technology development and manufacturing capacity of related devices, and will also enhance our understanding of the atmosphere, highly valuable for academic research and general applications to civil problems. Based on the characteristics of the payloads in the satellite with the ability to construct global important parameters of the atmosphere through the real-time measurement network, there are main goals: (1) to improve the accuracy of global and regional weather predictions; (2) to improve the ability of space weather monitoring and prediction as well as monitoring of ionospheric evolution; (3) to provide data for study for climate and global environmental changes; (4) to provide data for study for earth gravity and precise orbital determination of the LEO satellite. Prior to launch, several local science teams, under supports of NSC and NSPO, have persistently aimed to investigate related occultation data retrieval algorithms, assimilation/simulation techniques and operational weather forecasting. This paper gives a brief introduction to FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC project background, the goals of our research mission in Taiwan, and focal points of GPS occultation data applications, and also presents some recent research achievements relevant to this project.

並列關鍵字

FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC ； GPS ； Constellation occultation observations