南海－海洋大陸區對流與大尺度環流交互作用：2016冬季風預實驗

Interaction of Convection over The Maritime Continent - SCS with Large-Scale Flow: 2016 Winter Monsoon Pre-experiment

林博雄(Po-Hsiung Lin) ； 楊穎堅(Yiing-Jang Yang) ； 劉清煌(Ching-Hwang Liu) ； 徐世裴(Shi-Pei Hsu) ； 楊菁華(Jing-Hua Yang) ； 吳靜軒(Ching-Hsuan Wu) ； 游政谷(Cheng-Ku Yu) ； 詹森(Sen Jan) ； 隋中興(Chung-Hsiung Sui)

《大氣科學》 44卷4期 (2016/12) Pp. 329-352

https://doi.org/10.3966/025400022016124404003

摘要

為推動南海區大氣、海洋科學研究，並配合國際“海洋大陸年”計畫，大氣學界正執行「南海－海洋大陸區對流與大尺度環流交互作用」整合計畫。本文介紹該計畫的科學背景、緣起、總計畫及八個子計畫的科學議題與做法，以及所有研究項目在雲雨過程、大尺度動力過程、觀測實驗三大面向下的彼此密切連結。其中觀測實驗主要是在太平、東沙兩島的延伸與密集觀測，南海的船測與衛星觀測，因此我們取名為南海雙島季風實驗(The South China Sea Two-Island Monsoon Experiment, SCSTIMX)。為確實執行雙島觀測，計畫設計了兩次預實驗進行人員訓練、設備運送與操作的準備。第一次預實驗已於2016 年12 月11～21 日海研一號(RV OR1)第1156 航次往返太平島完成。觀測期間正處於2015 年冬季聖嬰事件暖相位之後的反聖嬰相位，赤道中東太平洋海溫較氣候平均值冷0.5～2°C。因此本次預實驗的重點是在反聖嬰冬季氣候背景下，南海區日循環至季內尺度大氣海洋聯合觀測。文中簡介利用及時監測氣候背景與高頻天氣氣候擾動的方法，分析實驗期間Outgoing Longwave Radiation (OLR)的氣候背景、低頻（年際以上）、高頻（季內）分量，並結合NCEP FNL 同化資料（風、壓力、溫度、水氣），雙島地面觀測、船上施放探空等資料進行初步的綜觀天氣分析。結果顯示反聖嬰的背景提供海洋大陸區及鄰近的暖池區更多的濕靜能。伴隨此背景，實驗期間南海、西北太平洋暖池區有較旺盛的季內與天氣尺度擾動。整合計畫團隊將繼續透過分析與模擬，深入探討動力與對流多尺度交互作用的過程、及對預報的影響。

關鍵字

南海雙島季風實驗 ； 海洋大陸年 ； 對流與大尺度環流交互作用 ； 冬季風

並列摘要

To extend the ocean-atmosphere research over the South China Sea (SCS) and to participate the international project ＂Years of Maritime Continent (MC)＂, the atmospheric Sciences community in Taiwan is carrying out an integrated project ＂Interaction of convection over the MC - SCS with large-scale flow＂. This paper introduces the scientific background and initiation of the integration project that consists of a main project and eight subprojects. The scientific issues and research approaches of all projects are organized and linked under three areas of study: convective processes, large-scale processes, observationas. The major observational task is the SCS Two-Island Monsoon Experiment (SCSTIMX) that includes field campaigns at Taiping and Dongsha islands along with the measurements by ocean research vessels (RV) and satellite observations. To prepare for the SCSTIMX, a pre-experiments has been completed during December 11-21, 2016, through the research cruise to Taiping Island by the NTU RV OR1 voyage 1156. The cruise took place during the La Nina phase following the warm winter of 2015/2016 El Nino/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) event. The equatorial eastern and central Pacific was about 0.5~2°C colder than the climate mean. We developed a method of monitoring the climate background and high frequency (weather and intraseasonal) disturbances in time and applied it to Outgoing Longwave Radiation (OLR) data. Combining NCEP FNL assimilation (Wind, pressure, temperature, water vapor), surface observations at the two islands, ship soundings and satellite data, a preliminary analysis was conducted. The La Nina condition causes a warmer and more humid SCS-MC region, and colder and drier central and eastern equatorial Pacific. Accompanied by this background, synoptic and intraseasonal oscillations are more energetic in the SCS and NW Pacific warm pool area. The research team of the integrated project will continue to explore the multi-scale interaction processes and its impact on forecasts through analysis and modeling.

並列關鍵字

SCSTIMX ； YMC ； Convection interaction with large-scale dynamics ； Winter monsoon ； Interaction of convection over the Maritime Continent - SCS with large-scale flow