小客車行駛時車內噪音及其變化之研究

Interior Noise and Change in Noise in Traveling Sedans

郭宏亮(Hung-Liang Kuo) ； 張靜芬(Ching-Fen Chang) ； 盧天鴻(Tien-Hung Lu)

《環境保護》 29卷1期 (2006/06) Pp. 70-82

https://doi.org/10.30017/EP.200606.0006

摘要

由於台灣經濟能力的提升，多數家庭都擁有自小客車，因此想瞭解車內噪音情況。本研究是利用小客車行駛時，以不同速率，測量開窗及關窗時車內的音量。同時參考國內外的室內音量標準和噪音對人體的影響，與本次測量的結果做比較。
結果顯示，關窗時在車速為40 km/hr時63.3 dB(A)，車速到了120 km/hr時音量為70.5 dB(A)。國光號、莒光號正常行駛時車廂內噪音在70 dB(A)~73 dB(A)與68 dB(A)~70 dB(A)差不多，文獻中，在70 dB(A)起，開始有產生血管收縮、血流量減少、暫時性高血壓、注意力減少等的情形。如與日本住宅內一般噪音日間標準值45 dB(A)，比較時，車速為40 km/h時就超過18 dB(A)，車速120 km/hr時就超過25 dB(A)。
對於低頻噪音，車速40 km/hr時為62.0 dB(A)，車速到了120 km/hr時量測值為68.7dB(A)。雖然在一般情況下不會對人體造成直接危害，但對於睡眠和心理影響很大，甚至會造成精神衰弱和憂鬱症、頭痛、失眠等很多現象。與台灣娛樂營業場所管制標準（日間標準為40 dB(A)）比較時，則超過有22 dB(A)，與夜間標準(30 dB(A))比較時就超出32dB(A)。車速到120 km/hr時量測值為68.7 dB(A)，就超出日間標準值約28 dB(A)，超出夜間標準值約38 dB(A)。
關於超低頻噪音，目前只有丹麥有LG之標準，不論日夜間都是85 dB(G)。由本次測量計算結果發現當車速40 km/hr到120 km/hr其關窗時車內之測值都在95 dB(G)，若與丹麥標準比較時，則超出約10 dB(G)左右。
開窗音量與關窗音量比較，除了在速率40 km/hr，頻率為60 Hz、100 Hz、160 Hz和200 Hz時關窗音量大於開窗音量，其餘的速率和各頻率均是開窗音量大於關窗音量。
長時間暴露於高噪音之環境時，對生理、心理會產生相當大的影響，即會產生噪音性之疲勞，減低注意力而變成開車失誤原因之一。長時間開車時，最好一段時間後需要好好休息。

關鍵字

一般噪音 ； 低頻噪音 ； 超低頻噪音 ； 車內噪音

並列摘要

As economic abilities in Taiwan advanced, most families have sedans and desire to know the status of interior noises. This study measures interior sound volumes for sedans traveling at different speeds under window-opened or window-closed conditions. In addition, consulting the impact of domestic and foreign indoor sound standards and impact of noise on humans, we compare the experimental results with them.
The outcomes indicate that the noise volume is 63.3 dB(A) as driving speed is 40 km/hr under the circumstance of closed window; likewise, 70.5 dB(A) when speed is 120 km/hr. The noise in Kingbus carriage is ranging from 70 dB(A) to 73 dB(A) and in Chu-Kung train carriage is between 68 dB(A) and 70 dB(A). From 70 dB(A), the noise produces shrunk blood vessel, reduced blood flow, temporary higher blood pressure, diminished attention, and so on. Comparing to Japanese indoor-house noise standard 45 dB(A) in daytime, it exceeds 18 dB(A) at the speed of 40 km/hr and 25 dB(A) at 120 km/hr.
As to the low-frequency noise, it is 62.0 dB(A) at the speed of 40km/ hrand 68.7 dB(A) at 120 km/hr. Although it does not directly endanger human body, it exerts a tremendous influence to the sleep and psychology, even causes some phenomena, such as neurosis, melancholia, headache, sleeplessness, etc. In comparison, the low-frequency noise (62.0 dB(A)) exceeds the standard of Taiwanese amusement business (40 dB(A) in the daytime) 22 dB(A). In the same way, 32 dB(A) while comparing to night standard (30 dB(A)). Moreover, when the speed reaches 120 km/hr, the examining value of the noise is 68.7 dB(A), which surpasses the daytime standard value by 28 dB(A) and the nighttime by 38 dB(A).
As for infrasound, LG used only in Denmark is 85 dB(G) no matter day and night. The results of this experiment display that the noise value in a window-closed car is 95 dB(G) when the speed changes from 40 km/hr to 120 km/hr, which exceeds the Danish standard (85 dB(G)) by 10 dB(G).
According to different frequencies, comparing the window-opened volume with window-closed volume, the window-closed volume is louder than window-opened, when the driving speed is 40 km/hr and frequencies are 60 Hz, 100 Hz, 160 Hz, and 200 Hz. Except above conditions, the open-window volumes of other speeds and frequencies are louder than closed-window.
Exposing to the environment of loud noise for a long time will exert a great influence on the physiology, psychology. It will produce the tiredness caused by louder noises and traffic collisions due to decreasing attention. Therefore, after a long-period driving, people had better take a rest.

並列關鍵字

General noise ； Low frequency noise ； Infrasound ； Interior noises